Abnormal psychology

When the link between mental illness and violence is misunderstood.

Focuses on diagnosing, explaining, and treating individuals with psychological disorders

Hold post-graduate degree in clinical psychology pay

Tried as medical doctors, specialize in psychiatry

Focuses on the role of inheritance, brain structure and function, and animal research in understanding abnormal behavior.

Focuses on faulty schemas, types of thinking, and beliefs (mental processes).

Focuses on social needs, cultural influences on defining normal and abnormal behavior.

published by the American Psychiatric Association,

is not static and can change over time across different cultures Stat

Abnormal behavior based on its rarity in a population

Abnormal behavior based on societal attitudes and unwritten rules

Abnormal behavior as actions, moods, or thoughts that significantly impact an individual's well-being.

study that argued mental illness is a myth

model that categorized behaviors as normal or abnormal

proposed a different approach to defining normality and abnormality c

Abnormal behaviors or disorders unique to specific cultures not recognized outside of that society

Data about a disorder gathered from hospital admissions may not accurately represent the prevalence of the disorder.

A valid diagnosis occurs when a diagnosed person genuinely has a particular disorder as defined by diagnostic classification systems

Face validity is present when criteria seem to measure what they claim to measure

Construct validity assesses if a diagnostic test effectively supports the diagnosis by evaluating the relevance and accuracy of the questions asked.

The accuracy or consistency of a diagnostic test.

Consistency in diagnoses when different mental health professionals assess the same patient using the same classification system.

Consistency of diagnoses over time, ensuring that a patient diagnosed with a certain disorder maintains that diagnosis if the condition persists.

Labeling individuals with mental health disorders may lead to social stigma, discrimination, and negative perceptions.

The expectation of a certain outcome influences behavior, potentially leading individuals to fulfill the predicted behavior.

Is a complex mental health condition influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

This model proposes that individuals have a biological predisposition (diathesis) for MDD, and the manifestation of the disorder depends on the presence of stressors.

Proposed that depression arises when individuals make attributions for external events based on maladaptive beliefs and attitudes.

A negative view of oneself, the world, and the future characterizes the cognitive triad in depression.

Depressed individuals perceive themselves as deficient, inadequate, and unworthy.

Interactions and life experiences are seen as difficult or hopeless, emphasizing defeats and failures.

Current difficulties are viewed as continuing indefinitely, leading to a sense of despair and hopelessness.

Patterns of maladaptive thoughts and beliefs that become activated

Faulty thinking accompanied by negative and unrealistic representations of reality.

A model that considers biological, cognitive, and sociocultural factors in understanding mental disorders.

Most common psychological treatment for major depressive disorder

Demonstrated the effectiveness of CBGT in treating major depression in clients undergoing residential substance abuse treatment.

Culturally specific Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) designed for African Americans with depression

A psychiatric treatment that involves the administration of a short electrical stimulus to the brain through electrodes placed on the temples.

Type of therapy for individuals to learn from the experiences of others facing similar challenges, fostering a sense of connection and shared understanding.

An approach that combines two or more therapeutic techniques to tailor treatment to individual or group needs.

studies that emphasized the need for more research to establish the efficacy of OHDC

Psychological tests and surveys used to measure depression, cognitive functioning, quality of life, physical health, and attitudes toward seeking mental health services.

The percentage of participants who experienced recovery from major depression in the CBT groups.

The rate at which depression symptoms recurred during the follow-up period after completing CBT.