Anatomy Ch 6 - The Integumentary System

another name for the integument

the scientific study of and treatment of the skin

the skin protects against these thigs:

true/false: the skin is made up of epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue

these two make up the cutaneous membrane

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

areolar+dense irregular connective tissue and smooth muscle tissue

areolar and adipose connective tissue and blood vessels make up this layer

6 functions of the integument

skin protects our bodies from…

skin regulates heat by…

skin absorbs…

skin secretes…

skin excretes…

skin senses…

number of layers in the epidermis

layer of cuboidal/low columnar cells on the basement membrane separating the epidermis from the connective tissue of the dermis; contains 3 different types of cells

keratin-making cells located throughout all epidermal strata

tough, insoluble protein that helps give skin strength and make it water resistant and prevent dehydration

melanin-making cells that have long/branch-like processes; production of melanin in response to UV light exposure

aka Tactile cells; when compressed, release chemicals that stimulate nerve endings, which provides infor about the stimulus

multiple layers of polygonal keratinocytes; aka spiny layer

how are new cells formed in the stratum spinosum?

these bind keratinocytes together in the stratum spinosum

aka epidermal dendritic cells; fight infection in the epidermis

number of layers of keratinocytes located within the stratum granulosum

begins in the granulosum layer

keratinocytes fill up with protein, causing the nucleus+organelles to die, killing the cell; dead cells reach the epidermis and strengthen it

the clear layer; 2-3 layers; found only in thick skin located in the palms and soles

found in the stratum lucidum; protects skin form UV light

visible cells of the skin that are 20-30 layers thick; dead, scaly and anucleate

how long it takes new skin cells to become part of the stratum corneum

how long skin cells stay in the stratum corneum before being sloughed off

thickness and the anti-bacterial protein found in sweat from the exocrine glands help prevent bacterial growth in this layer

this layer is missing from thin skin

0.4-0.6 mm, all 5 strata layers, located on palms and soles, and only contains sweat glands

0.075-0.150 mm, 4/5 strata layers, located all over the body, and contains hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands

red pigment

black, brown, tan, yellow-brown pigment

yellow/orange pigment

gets converted to Vitamin A which helps with vision; can be acquired from yellow/orange veggies; reduces potentially dangerous molecules called free radicals which allows the immune cell number to increase

carotene accumulates in this layer

instead of using UV light, sunless tanners use an ingredient that binds with ____ _____ in the cells of the superficial layer of skin

mole; an overgrowth of melanin-forming cells in one area; harmless

localized areas of increased melanocyte activity; affected by sun exposure and heredity

strawberry colored birthmarks; benign tumor caused by increased number of blood vessels; present at birth but disappear

port-wine stains caused by large blood vessels; may last a lifetime

whorls pattern; formed from large folds and valleys of the dermis/epidermis

fingerprints are flexible and unique but their shape allows for

layer beneath the epidermis; 0.5-3.0 mm thick

connective tissues found in the dermis

layers of the dermis

areolar CT, contains dermal papillae and epidermal ridges that increase surface area and connect epidermis to the dermis

this feature of the papillary dermis contain capillaries for nutrients as well as sensory nerve endings

dense irrgular CT; hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, nerves, blood vessles

surgical cuts made ____ to cleavage lines will minimize scarring

surgical cuts made ____ to cleavage lines will increase scarring

keratin _____ water

pads+protects the body, acts as an energy reservoir and provides thermal insulation; allows for independent movement of skin and muscle

tissues that form the subcutaenous layers

collagen in found in the _____while kertain is found in the _____

you shouldn’t pop blisters because you risk introducing bacteria into this layer

mechanoreceptor that is sensitive to high frequency vibration and deep pressure

true/false: the basale layer is close to blood vessels

starshaped cells are located in the stratum _____

the darkest and grainy layer is the stratum _____

vesicles of ____ accumulate to make the the granulosum layer grainy and stain it

bluish tint caused by darker hemoglobin because of a lack of oxygen

yellowing of skin because of liver failure

overgrowth of cells

auto-immune disease that causes a depletion of pigment in the skin

originates in the stratum basale; rarely fatal; most common skin cancer; usually occurs on the face

develops in the keratinocytes of stratum spinosum; non fatal but can be agressive; red, scaly lesions

most dangerous skin cancer that forms in the melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole; good survival rate when detected early

distribution of nerve fibers

merkel cells and meissner’s corpuscles

pain caused by…

lamellated or Pacinian corpuscles

network

ruptured blood vessel

deep bruise

the dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.

the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.

baby hair

peach fuzz (on face, neck, arms, legs, trunk)

regular pigmented hair

daily growth of hair

orange melanin

brown/black melanin

loss of melanocytes

a very small amount of pigment in hair

no pigment at all in hair

active phase of hair where normal growth occurs

transition phase when the hair stops growing and detaches from the base of the follicle; can be caused by stress

resting phase when growth stops and club hair is completely formed

work automatically; you don’t have to think about it; help with fight or flight responses

type of holocrine gland that secretes sebum

contract consistently to push oil out of sebaceous glands

inihibits bacteria growth and lubricates

dried oil and dead skin cells; cradle cap in babies