Chapter 8: Biological Bases: Consciousness

occurs when an individual continues using a drug despite overarching negative consequences in order to avoid unpleasant physical and/or psychological feelings associated with not taking it.

hypnosis somehow divides or dissociates the mind into two parts.

may also be linked to sleep apnea.

holds that dreams provide a chance for the mind to work out issues that occupy its attention during waking hours.

postulates that dreams are the product of our awareness of neural activity due to sensory input while we are sleeping.

involve abnormalities of movement during deep sleep; they include sleepwalking (or somnambulism) and night terrors.

is the inability to stay awake.

According to ________ of the hidden observer, hypnosis somehow divides or dissociates the mind into two parts.

refers to a variety of techniques, many of which have been practiced for thousands of years, and which usually involve learning to train ones attention.

is the emotional significance and underlying meaning of the dream.

is an altered state of consciousness in which the hypnotized person is very relaxed and open to suggestion.

occurs when an individual continues using a drug despite overarching negative consequences in order to avoid unpleasant physical and /or psychological feelings associated with not taking it.

is an elaborate dream sequence that produces a high level of anxiety or fear for the dreamer.

is the most common of the sleep disorders and represents the inability to fall asleep or to maintain sleep.

send signals to the brains pineal gland, which is the region responsible for the production of melatonin.

________ spoke of a stream of consciousness.

refers to the process of weaning off a drug one has become dependent upon; this often involves physical and psychological symptoms of a highly unpleasant nature.

are abnormalities in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep, and they include insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea.

the manifest content, or storyline and imagery of the dream, offers insight into and important symbols relating to unconscious processes.

commonly refers to automatic processes, such as breathing or the beating of the heart.

is defined as the awareness that we have of ourselves, our internal states, and the environment.

contains information that is available to consciousness but is not always in consciousness.

is a disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing while sleeping, which results in awakening after a minute or so without air.

are usually measured with electroencephalograms (EEGs), which provide a picture of the electrical activity of the brain.

is an altered state of consciousness.

enables us to evaluate the environment and to filter information from the environment through the mind, while being aware of the occurrence of this complex process.

associated state of arousal involve the ability to remain attentive to our surroundings.

spoke of a stream of consciousness.

refers to consciousness as a mental reality that we create in order to adapt to the world.

Our body temperature and other physiological markers follow a day-to-night pattern

which is the region responsible for the production of melatonin.

this happens when we’re still awake but more relaxed

When we are awake and focused

In stage 2 sleep, a pattern of waves known

The last stage of sleep is called

discovered that the eyes move vigorously during the REM stage.