Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

________ is movement in response to chemicals.

________ and G2- During these stages, the cell performs metabolic reactions and produces organelles, proteins, and enzymes.

________ (enzyme- linked) receptors have an enzymatic active site on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.

Your ________ are regulated by insulin and glucagon, two hormones released from your pancreas.

________ occurs when normal cells start behaving and growing very abnormally and spread to other parts of the body.

The impetus to divide occurs because an organism needs to grow, a tissue needs repair, or ________ must take place.

________ stands for "gap, "but we can also associate it with "growth ..

During ________, the nuclear envelope disappears and chromosomes condense.

Mitosis, or ________, occurs in four stages:

When damaged ________ is found, checkpoints are activated and cell cycle progression stops.

During interphase, every ________ in the nucleus is duplicated.

A(n) ________- linked receptor does not act as an enzyme, but instead will bind a different version of a(n) ________ (often GTP or GDP) on the intracellular side when a ligand is bound extracellularly.

The chromatids are held together by a structure called the ________.

The process of cytokinesis, which occurs during ________, ends mitosis, as the cytoplasm and plasma membranes pinch to form two distinct, identical daughter cells.

Mutated ________ that induce cancer are called oncogenes.

________ is the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus and can be positive (toward the stimulus) or negative (away from the stimulus)

________ and cyclins were first studied in yeast, unicellular eukaryotic fungi.

The ________ inhibits the process from beginning, thus shutting down the pathway.

________ is the process by which an external signal is transmitted to the inside of a cell.

________ produce proteins that prevent the conversion of normal cells into cancer cells.

________ are helpful to amplify a signal.

________ is the time span from one cell division to another.

Each ________ binds a particular molecule in a highly specific way.

If the ________ is so extensive that it can not be repaired, the cell can undergo apoptosis, or programmed cell death.

Ligand- gated ________ in the plasma membrane open or close a(n) ________ upon binding a particular ligand.

A(n) ________ also involves an end product playing a role, but instead of inhibiting the pathway, it further stimulates it.

________ form an important class of integral membrane proteins that transmit signals from the extracellular space into the cytoplasm.

The ________ is divided into two periods: interphase and mitosis.

________ terminates mitosis, and the two new nuclei form.

________ are innate behavioral responses, or instincts.

interphase and mitosis

G1, S, G2

During these stages, the cell performs metabolic reactions and produces organelles, proteins, and enzymes