Period 4 AI Summary (V1)

Yeoman farmers were considered virtuous citizens and the backbone of America.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolution (1798) emphasized states' rights over a strong central government.

Freedom of Speech and Press were essential, opposing the Alien & Sedition Acts (1798).

Jefferson advocated for reducing federal government activities and practicing republican simplicity.

The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 was the largest land acquisition in U.S. History, promoting an Agrarian Society.

Opposed states' rights and established judicial review through Marbury vs. Madison (1803).

Dartmouth College v. Woodward protected contracts from state encroachment.

Promoted business enterprises and struck down Maryland's attempt to tax the National Bank in McCulloch v. Maryland.

Believed in a strong central government, favoring federal legislation over state laws.

British Impressment and interference with American commerce.

British support for Native Americans on the frontier, such as Tecumseh's rebellion.

Demise of the Federalist Party and intensified nationalist feelings.

Promoted industrialization in shipbuilding and armaments.

Elevated Andrew Jackson to a war hero status after the Battle of New Orleans.

Belief in the common man and expanded suffrage for white males.

Implementation of patronage, opposing privileged elites.

Jackson's opposition to the Bank of the U.S. and promotion of hard money over soft money.

The Tariff of Abominations (1828) protected Northern industries but harmed the agrarian South.

John C. Calhoun's doctrine of nullification was met with opposition from Daniel Webster and Jackson.

Jackson's veto of the Bank of the U.S. led to credit expansion and the formation of the Whigs and Democrats.

Nullification was seen as treasonous and threatened with military force by Jackson.

Maine entered as a free state, Missouri as a slave state, with the 36°30' line for future slavery restrictions.

First major 19th-century conflict addressing the balance of free and slave states.

Asserted America's independence from European foreign policy and warned Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.

Stated U.S. non-interference in European affairs, backed by the power of the British Navy.

Cult of Domesticity emphasized women's roles in domestic and religious affairs.

Lowell factory workers in Massachusetts provided housing and education for women and children.

Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 demanded women's rights, including suffrage and property ownership.

William Lloyd Garrison's radical abolitionist views in 'The Liberator' called for immediate emancipation of slaves.

Frederick Douglass advocated for abolition and women's rights, promoting unity for justice.

The Second Great Awakening led to moral dilemmas about slavery and the rise of abolitionist movements.

Transcendentalism focused on living simply and celebrating nature and personal emotion.

Utopian communities aimed for perfection through cooperative lifestyles and moral regulation.

Brook Farm, New Harmony, and Oneida Communities were examples of Utopian experiments.

Erie Canal, canals, and steamboats revolutionized transportation and trade.

Eastern markets were opened to Midwest farmers, connecting regions economically.

Steamboat traffic increased, reducing the cost of railroad transportation.

McGuffey Readers promoted patriotism and moral values in schools.

The Hudson River School emphasized landscapes and natural beauty in art.

Newspapers flourished, compulsory school laws were passed, and teacher training was funded.