States of Matter

Has a fixed shape and volume Cannot be compressed Tends to have high densities and do not flow

Close together held by strong forces of attraction Regular lattice arrangement Vibrate around a fixed point

Has a fixed volume Takes the shape of the bottom of the container Difficult to compress Flows easily Tends to have lower densities than solids

Close together (very little separation) Disordered (random arrangement) Moves randomly, "sliding" over each other

Takes the shape and volume of the container Can be compressed Flows easily Has the lowest densities

Far apart Arranged randomly Move randomly and rapidly

Melting

Freezing

Evaporation

Condensation

Sublimation

Deposition

Occurs when the liquid is heated so that the particles are moving fast enough to overcome the forces of attraction - bubbles of gaseous particles are formed throughout the liquid

In a liquid, a few of the faster particles, near the surface of the liquid, will have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction and form a gas

Water is solid Temperature increases Particles are vibrating faster

Melting Temperature stays the same Particles are overcoming the forces of attraction

Liquid Temperature is increasing Particles are moving with more kinetic energy

Change of state - boiling or evaporating Liquid to gas Temperature stays the same Particles are overcoming the forces of attraction

Gas Temperature increases Particles are gaining more kinetic energy

Increase the temperature Change the state

Substance remains in the same state

Substance remains at the same temperature Heat energy is used to overcome the forces that hold the molecules together (N.B. the molecules remain the same structure - their spacing changes)

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until a uniform mixture is produced

Matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms and molecules) that are in constant motion

The higher the temperature, the faster the particles will move

Faster in a gas than in a liquid The particles diffusing will collide with fewer particles in a gas than a liquid

The white smoke ring forms closer to the HCl side because HCL is heavier than NH3 and so moves slower down the glass tube

Made up of only one type of atom

Two or more elements chemically combined / bonded

Two or more different atoms or molecules not chemically bonded together

The smallest particle

Two or more atoms (either the same element or different element) chemically bonded together