Biology Assessment #1

the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

producers

photosynthesis

to grow and survive

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 602

light energy into chemical energy in molecules, for the synthesis of carbohydrates

chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight (site of photosynthesis)

starch

a green pigment that absorbs energy from the light

provides energy

absorb by the plant’s roots from the soil

diffuses into the leaves from the air

´As the amount of light increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. The limiting factor is light. Increasing the amount of light after a certain point has no effect on the rate. The limiting factor is now carbon dioxide or temperature

´As the amount of carbon dioxide increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. The limiting factor is Carbon dioxide. Increasing amount of Carbon dioxide after

a certain point has not effect on rate. The limiting factor is now light or temperature

´As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until it reaches optimum temperature 40°C

The limiting factor is the temperature. Increasing the temperature above 40°C will cause the enzymes to denature This will decrease rate of photosynthesis

hydrogen carbonate indicator

waxy cuticle

palisade layer

spongy mesophyll

allows gas exchange

transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant

transports sugars and other molecules around the plant

to make amino acids and proteins involved in growth

stunned growth and older leaves turn yellow

for DNA and cell membranes involved in respiration and growth

older leaves turn purple and poor root growth

for enzymes involved in photosynthesis and respiration

poor fruit and flower growth and discoloured leaves

making chlorophyll involved in photosynthesis

small yellow leaves

help with water uptake

osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential

Dilute: Low solute concentration, High water concentration

Equilibrium: Same concentration of solute and water

Concentrated: High solute concentration, Low water concentration

So that the cells don’t burst

Transpiration is the evaporation of water at the surfaces of the spongy mesophyll cells in leaves, followed by loss of water vapour through the stomata.

Translocation is the movement of sugar produced in photosynthesis to all other parts of the plant for respiration and other processes. This occurs in phloem cells.

sources to sinks

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water