Citizens Reviw - Social Studies

Queen Elizabeth 1

1533-1603

• first non-catholic monarch in british history (christian)

• king henry 8th, her father, created the church of england so he could get divorced

• considered herself “married to england”

• has a rivalry with king phillip

• she was responsible for the rise of power of the british empire

William Shakespeare

1564-1616

• the renaissance

• he understood humans

• his stories are timeless because they are focused on humanity

• never went to college, has 3 kids, married at 18, no living decendents

• wrote plays and sonnets

• most quoted author ever

John Locke

1632-1704

• renaissance philosopher

• his ideas inspired the declaration of independence

• british

• wanted to sperate church and state

• wanted government to keep you secure and not control you

Christopher Columbus

1451-1506

• italian explorer

• sponsored by spain (queen isabella)

• courageous/not a good person

• wanted to find indonesia

• found people in the carribean instead and enslaved them

• had an impact on the world

• never knew he didn’t find indonesia

Queen Isabella I

1451-1504

• sponsored columbus

• queen of spain (when spain had a lot of power)

• catholic, worker with the pope on the spanish inquisition (wanted everyone to become catholic)

• large populations of muslims and jews who were prosperous

• spanish inquisition - muslims and jews forced to leave, convert, or be tortured

• spain targeted their best and brightest/beginning of spains decline

Benjamin Franklin

1706-1790

• founding father (not a president)

• best example of a renaissance man (had a lot of versatile talents)

• scientist, inventor, author, politician

• invented bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and the stove

• ambassador of france (also called “father of france”)

• started the first library, hospital, fire station

George Washington

1732-1799

• first president of the U.S.

• founding father

• military general in revolutionary war

• viewed as a distinguished leader (everyone respected)

• wasn’t into politics

• perfect reputation

Thomas Jefferson

1743-1826

• founding father (3rd president)

• author of declaration of independence

• most intellectual president

• author, architect, botanist, spoke 8 languages

• french ambassador

• loved john locke and used his ideas

• vice president to john adams

• original liberal

• beats john adams for presidency in 1800

• died 50 years exactly after declaration of independence same day as john adams

• founder of the navy

Abraham Lincoln

1809-1865

• 16th president (best president)

• abolished slavery

• miserable through presidency

• popular now but the south hated him back then

• needed to keep the union together

• killed 5 days after the civil war by john wilkes booth

Franklin D Roosevelt

1882-1945

• won 1932 presidential election (during great depression)

• was disabled (didn’t let the public know)

• elected 4 times, served the longest presidency, died in the 4th term

• democrat

• known for the New Deal which created jobs during the great depression

• hated by republicans for running up the debt

• created FDIC which protects your money

• connected with people through the radio → trump used modern media to connect with people

Eleanor Roosevelt

1884-1962

• FDR’s wife (distant cousin), close work partners

• writer, published a weekly news column

• wrote the universal declaration of human rights

• adored by everyone

“nobody can make you feel inferior without your permission”

William the Conqueror

1027-1087

• middle ages

• 1066 the norman conquest (willliam was from normandy)

• last successful invader of britain

• he spoke french

• britain spoke germanic languages

• the romantic languages (like french) miked with the germanic languages making english

Margaret Sanger

1883-1966

• founder of planned parent hood

• mom had 18 pregnancies in 15 years

• at the time women were dying from pregnancies

• started “women rebel”

• comestock laws stopped doctors from talking about birth control

• “founder of birth control”(fought for birth control)

• because of her, birth rates have plummeted - BIG IMPACT

Queen Victoria

1819-1901

• ruled over the most land ever

• married her cousin (proposed to him)

• has 5 kids, married 20 years

• mourned husbands death by wearing black till she dies

• expanded british empire (took over ireland)

• victorian morals (british are proper, fancy, well mannered)

• tried to force victorian morals on the irish and they did not like her

• once she died all doors had to be painted black to remember her and the irish painted theirs colorful

Johan Gutenberg

1400-1468

• invented the printing press (allowed mass production of books and newspaper)

• created a reason for literacy

• mass produced the bible

• german

Homer

8th C., B.C. (second oldest)

• classic greek author

• wrote the odyssey and the Iliad (oldest books still being read)

• iliad = war story/achilles

Socrates

470-399 B.C.

• ancient greek philosopher

• didn’t write things down/old wise guy out on the town

• he would communicate by asking questions (ask question based on answers ask ever more questions)

• mentored teens → get them to question who really are the good guys

• convicted for corruption minds of the youth (his pupils made a plan to break him out of jail)

• killed himself cause he didn’t want to be broken out of jail/it went against his morals

• most prized pupal is plato

“the unexamined life is not worth living”

Plato

427-347 B.C.

• wrote 47 books

• diologues : book about socrates

• republic : book about the ideal government

• set up first school (separate school for “exceptional” students, trained to be “guardians”, students could leave whenever)

• guardians : given bare minimum, no family, nothing in it for them, the ones who stay want to be there

• created a government with the guardians that is designed to be the best

• just as likely to be a guardian as female then as male (first to fight for women equality)

• start student : aristotle

• ancient greek philosopher

Aristotle

384-322 B.C.

• greatest mind of the ancient world

• “expert of everything”

• ancient greek philosopher

• starts his own school

• writes 170 known books

• creates the idea of logic

• very important in the western world (argues for public school, and things like NASA)

• thought everything revolved around the earth, thought slavery was proper, argued women were inferior

• hired to be private tutor for alexander the great

Alexander the Great

356-323 B.C.

• physically gifted and highly intelligent

• becomes king at 20

• undefeated in battle, greatest army general of all time

• view as immortal, people still read his military

  strategies

• encouraged his soldiers to “mix”(make babies) with the new people of the land they conquer (he partook aswell)

• he was a '“feared machine”

• more cities named for him then anyone else

• gets a fever at 33 and dies

• ancient greek

Julius Caesar

100-44 B.C.

• ancient roman

• ruler of rome (first emperor) for 1 year

• caesar - emperor, not last name

• inspired shakespere

• ancient tome was an out of control fraternity party (lost of drinking and unfaithful marriages, julius was the poster boy, wild drunken orgys)

• great speaker, expands roman empire, concurred france

• oligarchy concerned of him taking control of rome (he did for 1 year and had a brief thing with cleopatra

• assassinated by brutis a senator and friend

Cleopatra VII

69-30 B.C.

• queen of egypt

• well educated, speaks several languages. manipulative, young

• either beautiful or used makeup

• sees new empire forming with a single ruler

• bribes the guards at caesars palace to roll her in julius carpet, her and julius get together and have a kid, she wants to be he ruler of rome and egypt, she wants to get with the next caesar

• she gets with mark anthony but the next caesar is her nephew and he won’t get tithe her

• kills herself with snake venom

Augustus Caesar

63 B.C. - 14 A.D.

• ancient roman

• most impactful

• turns down cleopatra and stays with his wife

• likes faithfulness, art, education

• good totalitarian

• laid ground work for the great roman empire (cleans up rome)

• his nephew takes over and kicks off “peace of rome” a 200 year span

• julius and augustus responsible for the calendar

Charles Darwin

1809-1882

• same exact birthday as abraham lincoln

• theory of evaluation through natural selection

• wrote “the origin of species”

• british

• offered a spot on a boat that travel to the glalopagose islands

• does observations on tortises, found that tortises on one island adapted so they could eat easier, also did observations on finches

Buddha

563-483 B.C.

• hindu prince (he was sheltered from outside world)

• goes outside for first time as an adult and he sees people suffering

• doesn’t think hinduism is sufficient

• wants to end suffering (buddhism forms, less of a religion and more of a philosophy)

Moses

13th C., B.C.

• oldest citizen

• leads slaves to freedom out of equpt to isreal

• he found go don his path to freedom and god gave him the 10 commandments

• 5 books of moses (first 5 books of the bible)

• mother was jewish slave who put him in a basket in the river, a princess found moses and raised him

Muhammad

560-632

• inspired 2nd largest religion

• the founder of islam

• when he found islam he created an empire around mecca

• basically pope and political ruler of mecca

• empire lasted for 1300 years and majorly expanded

• muslims are not supposed to look at pictures of him

• kicked out of mecca but was allowed back in

Umar

586-644

• expands muslim empire across northern africa and middle east

• 2nd “caliph” (successor of mahummand)

Jesus Christ

0-33

• founder of christianity

• had something about his personality that drew people to him

• jewish teacher (rabbi)

Marin Luther

1483-1546

• religion teacher at college in germany

• christian monk

• vow of celibacy

• prodistant reformation

• posts his complaints about church on church wall (95 thesis, people were bribing priests to get into heaven, he believed your relationship with jesus gets you into heaven)

• kicked out of church and marries a nun

• responsible for : lutheran, baptist, methodists, ect.

Peter the Great

1672-1725

• he traveled across western europe

• became tzar of russia at age of 4

• wants to westernize/modernize russia

• he inherited a dark ages russia which led him to travel to learn how to help russia

• very tall

• newspapers, secular education (non-religious), 1 calendar, ship building

• bladder exploded

Karl Marx

1818-1883

• never visited russia

• german

• founder of the idea of communism

• economic philosopher

• wrote : the communist manifesto (what is communism)

• wrote das capitol (critique of capitalism)

• kicked out of france

• 100 years later 1/2 the world adopted his ideas, not it is less revalent

“workers of the world : unite, there will be revolutions”

Lenin

1870-1924

• first true communist dictator of russia → 1920

• very educated family → college degree

• gets arrested and sent to siberia

• put back into russia to create chaos to pull out of WW1

• revolution works so russia is no longer lead by a tzar

• mainly led from 1920-1922

• didn’t have enough time to fully incorporate Karl Marxs ideas

Stalin

1879-1953

• from georgia (country)

• expelled from seminary and arrested multiple times

• followed lenin and joined communist revolution

• replaces lenin; he wasn’t smart like lenin but he was politically shroud and cut throat

• cause everyone to be very loyal

• responsible for millions of deaths, he would but off the food supply to problem areas

• wold use people as resources, he would win but loose a lot of life

• WW2 leader of soviet union (was with US in WW2 and against the US in cold war)

Mikhail Gorbachev

1931-1922

• russian

• next college educated ruler of russia after lenin (in 1980)

• restructured government and opened up to the world, allowed certain freedoms to states in the soviet union causing them to get freedom and become their own countries

• ended cold ear

• popular in the NS not popular in russia

• took away most of russias power by dissolving the soviet union

Martain Luther King Jr

1929-1968

• 3rd generation baptist reverend

• most prominent divil rights leader in U.S. history

• natural speaker (i have a dream was largely improvised)

• super smart (skipped 9th grade)

• inspired by gandhi

• remaining peaceful was very important to him

• assassinated by james earl rae in 1968

• was not very popular by the whole of the U.S. when he was alive (accused of being a communist)

Simon Bolivar

1783-1830

• latin american (venezuelan)

• george washington of south american (x5)

• gained independence for 5 different nations

• bolivia is named after him and he’s not from there

• revolutionary

• dictator of venezuela (not successful)

• died in seep depression and impoverished

Eva Duarte Peron

1919-1952

• most famous latin american woman

• Became a prostitute at the age of 13 to support her family

• Goes to Buenos Aires with a band Marries a general

• becomes First Lady of Argentina ( wanted to completely take control but didnt get the chance )

• Worked in Argentina to help the poor

• Her husband bankrupted Argentina

• Died of cancer at 33

Napoleon Bonaparte

1764-1821

• french emperor

• master on battlefield for planning out battles

• ambitious and feisty

• wanted to expand french empire

• bored of everyday life in empire

• sold off lousiana purchase to U.S. (sold land to cheep to get and influx of cash)

• failed at maintaing slavery

• adored by france

• never goes away (gets arrested and keeps coming back)

• last defeat at waterloo

Niccolo Machiavelli

1469-1527

• italian philosopher

• renaissance (italy is the hub of early renaissance)

• wrote “the prince” → instructions for a king

• “the ends justify the means” → theme of his book, what he is most known for, everything is entirely results based, an excuse

• a handbook for evil dictators

• “its better to be feared than loved” → fear is more permanent

• hitler is machiavellin

• machiavellin virtue → doing it for good reasons (abe lincoln)

St. Thomas More

1477-1535

• renaissance

• catholic

• british

• grew up in Catholic England and was very close with Henry 8th

• in charge of the catholic church at beginning of protestant reformation

• henry the 8th created church of england because he asked thomas for a divorce but he said no because the catholic religion didn’t allow it, after thomas gets beheaded and church of england is create

• wrote “utopia” (a perfect society)

• oscar winning movie about him

Golda Meir

1898-1978

• born in ukraine (Russian Empire)

• lots of Jews leaving russia to avoid persecution

• family moves to Wisconsin, U.S.

• she became interested in the Jewish movement to create Israel

• she moves to the Mandate of Palestine, becomes a major person in the movement

• the united nations creates a partition plan to separate Palestine and Israel

• Israel wins and their first prime minister is Golda Meir (first and only woman prime minister)(1969-1972)

• known for disguising herself as a man so she could be respected by other world leaders

Nicolaus Copernicus

1473-1543

• polyglot and polymath

• born in poland

scholarly contributions : heliocentrism and quantity theory of money

• denounced by the catholic church as heretical

• died (likely) by stroke

“On the revolutions of the celestial spheres”

Galileo Galilei

1564-1642

• astronomer, physicist, polymath

• born in Florence, Italy

• scholarly contributions : astronomical tools (refracting telescope) and findings (planets, moons, comets, etc), upheld heliocentrism, synthesized the scientific method, advances in lens (microscope), physics (falling objects), mechanical engineering, weapons, and more

• involved in the Italian Inquisition (forsakened Bruno’s legacy)

• died of fever/sickness

• HE WOULD DROP OBJECTS OUT OF HIS WINDOW TO HELP DISCOVER PHYSICS

“dialogue concerning the two chief world systems”

Sir Isaac Newton

1642(43)-1725(27)

• mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, natural philosopher (scientist)

• born in Lincolnshire, England (likely had high functioning autism)

• scholarly contributions : mechanical physics (physics of motion), newtonian physics, officialized the concept of gravity, advanced heliocentrism, and celestial motion, theory of color, created calculus

• passionately sought creating the philosphers stone

• led the royal society

• worked for the royal mint - he inadvertently shifted the british economy from a silver to gold standard

• died in sleep (likely mercury poisoning)

• famous work : “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”

• LAWS OF MOTION AND GRAVITY

Albert Einstein

1879 - 1955

• theoretical physicist

• born in Ulm, 2nd german reich, moved to the US once the 3rd reich came to power in 1933

• scholarly contributions :

  • general and special relativity

  • E=MC^2

  • theory of quantum mechanics

  • nuclear physics (manhattan project)

• helped to create the first atomic weapon for US during WW2

• was a principled socialist (wrote “why socialism”)

• member of the NAACP and good friends of W. E. B. Du Bois

• advocated for a wold democratic federation style government

• held pantheistic/agnostic religious views

• died of an aneurysm (brain taken and preserved)

Marie Curie

1867 - 1934

• physicist and chemist

• born in Warsaw, Poland (russian empire)

• scholarly contributions :

  • theory of radioactivity

  • discovered multiple elements

  • won multiple Nobel piece prizes

  • used radiation (like x-rays) for medical technology (in WW1 field hospital)

• whole family of scientists (husband and daughter)

• died from (likely) radiation overdose

• her papers, journals, and other equipment are so radioactive that they are still contaminated to this day

Stephen Hawking

1942-2018

• theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author

• born in Oxford, England, at 21 was diagnosed with early ALS

• scholarly contributions :

  • gravity singularities

  • physics of black holes

  • quantum mechanics gravitational waves

  • astrophysics as a whole

• became one of the youngest elected fellow of the royal society

• famous work : “A brief history of time” and “the universe in a nutshell”

• “If we discover a complete (unified) theory, it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason - for then we should know the mind of god”

• died peacefully at home

Benazir Bhutto

1953 - 2007

• born in 1953 in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan

• studied at Harvard and Oxford universities

• father became president and prime minister in 1970s

• elected into office with the Pakistan People’s Party, PPP stated as a socialist party → turned social-democratic platform

• fled Pakistan after her father got coup-ed by military and executed

• worked to restore democracy throughout late 1970- early 1980

• imprisoned by military dictatorship, went into exile in the UK

• returned and became first woman democratically elected to a muslim majority nation in 1988. oversaw economic privatization an advancements of women’s rights

• ousted by an alliance of the military, intelligence agencies, and islamist groups

• went in exile in 1998, returned 2003, assassinated in 2007

Mahatma Gandhi

1869-1948

• Born in 1869

• grew up to be lawyer and formed a family while in South Africa until age 45

  • developed his idea of nonviolent resistance

• returned to India and pushed of independence starting in 1915

  • campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women’s rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, and self-rule

• assassinated in 1948 by a Hindu Nationalist

Jeanne d’Arc

1412-1431

• Joan of Arc

• french

• younger than us → started hearing voices (7th grade)

• she talked to an angel who told her what to do

  • fight against the British to restore King Charles to the throne (she succeeded)

• medieval France

• she was able to lead an army against the British

• burned at the stake and captured at 18/19 years old

• believed to have tuberculosis which led to visions

Rene Descartes

1596-1650

• renaissance philosopher and mathematician

• coordinate plane (x and y axis) was created by him

• french

• prior to renaissance you weren’t free to question things → emphasizes the need and value of doubting everything

• renaissance extremest

• tutored the queen of Sweden

• died of pneumonia

“I think therefore I am”

Louis Pasteur

1822-1895

• most important person in the history of medicine

• french

• promoted the idea of germs (how they can make us sick)

• created pasteurization : process of removing bacteria from drinks and food

• made advancements in vaccines

• because of his work life expectancy doubled from 40’s to 70’s/80’s

  • a large amount of children used to die before the age of 10

Mary Wollstonecraft

1759-1797

• british

• not famous during her life

• falls in love at 18, gets pregnant and the guy left her → she is blamed and gets a stain of her reputation

• educates herself → becomes and author and philosopher

• writes : A vindication of the rights of women and Thought on the education of daughters

• ideas are the foundation of the women’s rights movements

• gets married late in life and has another daughter

  • barely knows her because she died 11 days after childbirth

  • daughter takes her first name “Mary” and fathers last name “Shelly” and writes Frankenstein

Charles Babbage

1792-1871

• british

• designs the analytical engine

  • foundation for the modern computer

Mother Teresa

1910-1997

• nun

• tiny woman from Albania

• the ultimate giver

• passionate about helping people

• believed nobody should die alone

• Calcuta, India → went there and tried to find people in desperate need and help and help them

  • people with leprosy

• didn’t get paid

• pro-life (she said have the baby and she would take are of it after its birth)

Alexander Graham Bell

1847-1922

• invented the telephone

• Scottish

• moved to the U.S at 20

• worked with the deaf community (wife and mother were deaf)

• tried to sell the patent for the telephone to western union (they weren’t interested)

• he started his own company : American Telephone and Telegraph (AT + T)

Genghis Khan

1162-1227

• mongolian

• family was captured by a rival tribe

• expands the mongol empire

• conquerer

• “golden hoard” was the name of his army

• mongols were the larges empire in world history because of him

• most effective conquerer of all time

• Genghis Khan - Universal empire

Meji Tenno

1852 - 1912

• renamed after death

• emperor at very young age

• 1867 - US came and told them what they were going to do to Japan

• says one way or another Japan is gonna have to change and become global → if they fought the US they would have a lot of death and get the same outcome → instead he willingly choose for Japan to become global

• westernizes and modernizes Japan (like peter the great)

• wrote a lot of haikus

Confucius

551-479 BCE

• foundation philosopher of ancient China

• shaped the nature of the Chinese government

• major ideas : personal and government morality, social relationships that emphasized order and justice, strong focus on family loyalties

• became the ideological basis for bureaucracy in China

• developed parallel to legalism

Qin Shi Huang

259 - 210 BCE

• ended warring states period and unified China

• First emperor rather than king

• “King of all Kings”

• established the Great Wall of China structure

• built the Terracotta army (believed to be a myth)

Cai Lun

(50-62) - 121

• a eunuch in the Chinese royal court

• major contribution : created paper (by mixing tree bark and hemp into a pulp)

• one of the 4 great chinese inventors (only inventor whose name is remembered)

• killed himself after being caught up in an assassination of the emperor’s grandmother

Mao Zedong

1893 - 1976

• leader of the communist party (in china)

  • china is the largest population of a single nation and he still encourages child making

• eventually he wants to cut away from the old cultures from the past, especially the century of humiliation and the bureaucracy of Confucianism

  • red guards : student led revolutionaries that sought to usher in the revolution of culture

  • cultural revolution : seeking to shed the cultures that caused the CoH and the Dynasties

Leonardo da Vinci

1452 - 1519

• italian artist/inventor : embodied the idea of a renaissance man

• creator of : Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and St. John the Baptist

• designed many cool inventions but did not build many

Michelangelo

1475 - 1564

• most famous Italian sculptor

• renaissance man

• rival to da vinci

• creator of : Statue of David, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, St Peter’s BAsilica’s Early Designs (last work)

ARTIST WHO GOT THINGS DONE

Rembrandt

1606 - 1669

• dutch painter

• helped usher in the Dutch Golden Age

• MOST WELL KNOWN FOR PORTRAITS

• 100s of paintings and etchings, 1000s of drawings

• continually changed styles

Claud Monet

1840 - 1926

• french painter

• founder of impressionism

  • emphasized color and depicted realistic scenes of ordinary subjects

• went blind and kept painting

Vincent Van Gogh

1853 - 1890

• dutch painter

• advanced impressionism (post impressionism)

• created : Starry Night, Sunflower

• suffered deep mental illness (gave his ear to his crush)

• was not loved as an artist until after death

• killed himself with a shot to the chest (took 2 days to die)

Pablo Picasso

1881 - 1978

• DID ALL TYPES OF ART

• spanish painter and sculptor

• co - founded the cubist movement

• multiple forms of styles, big with surrealism

• was in spain during civil war in the 1930s

• depicted the bombing of guernica (was harassed by facists, including gestapo officers from germany)

“Did you do that?” a german officer asked picasso “No, you did” he replied

Frank Lloyd Wright

1867 - 1959

• one of the most famous architects ever

• catches his break as an architect in 1923 in Japan

  • he built buildings that withstood the Great Tokyo Quake

• believed that he did things better than others, and he really did

• known for prairie style architecture → falling waters (buildings would flow and blend in with nature)

• he didn’t want any input with his work/he would design every last detail

• he was an ordinary man who hated rules

Adolf Hitler

1889 - 1945

• leader of Nazi Germany

• born in Austria

• bad childhood turned failed artist

• Joined the army in WW1 → after WW1 he gets thrown into jail → writes mein kampf → when he gets out he does exactly what he wrote in his book

• takes over Germany in the 20s

• Killed Jews and other people he hated ( hated most : Jews, communism, and democracy )

• started WW2 → after the world is divided between communism and democracy and Israel is formed for the Jewish population

• He is considered the largest failure ever

Richard Wagner

1831 - 1883

• german

• dies before Hitler is born

• composer of opera → viewed as the best and most famous composer

• opera is mainstream in their culture

• has a castle named after him

• most of his opera’s had Jewish antagonists and antisemitism increased dramatically because of his opera’s

• had a major impact on Hitler

Wernher von Braun

1912 - 1977

• German and lived through both world wars

• German scientist → at the top of the scientific world for being on the the best scientists ever

• Nazi (didn’t care about politics)

• developed V1 and V1 of German Rockets

• after WW2 he was hunted by Americans and Soviets, Americans liberate him, he takes over our space program, became an integral piece of the space race for the U.S.

Winston Churchill

1874 - 1965

• WW2 prime minister of England

• rises up in military in WW1

• author/politician

• said “History is going to teach me well because I am going to write it”

• won nobel prize for writing

Nelson Mandela

1918 - 2014

• south african

• apartheid rule - segregation (most people were black)

• is imprisoned at 46 for speaking out against native south africans (23 years in jail)

• got elected as the first president in south africa

• he got out and ended apartheid rule and he brought democracy to south africa

Alfred Nobel

1833 - 1896

• creator of the Novel Prize

• pacifist - anti-violence

• invented dynamite

• remorseful because his invention was used as a destruction tool in war

• so he creates the Nobel Peace Prize

• Never married or had kids

• left his fortune to a fund that will be distributed to nobel prize winners

Jean Henri Durant

1828 - 1910

• from Switzerland, spoke french

• founded the Red Cross

• founded the YMCA

• winner of the first ever Nobel Peach Prize

• Switzerland’s flag is a red cross because of the red cross

Thomas Edison

1847 - 1931

• inventor of the lightbulb

• invented the phonograph

• manipulated the patent system, so he stole other inventor’s ideas

• knew the importance of patents

• barely had any education

• had a severe haring deficit, deemed “retarted” because of this, likely on the Autism Spectrum

• one of the most influential inventors of all time

“Genius is 10% inspiration, 90% perspiration”

Sigmund Freud

1856 - 1939

• psychologist

• born in austria

• father of modern phycology - “psychoanalysis”

• psychoanalysis - who you are as a person is a result of your childhood and experiences

• came up with : id (base level emotions and desires), ego (your “reality check” logical thinking), superego (you conscience, “moral compass)

• a lot of his ideas revolve around sexual desires

• formed the oedipus couples : children are attracted to their opposite sex parent, they want to replace the same sex parent

• cocaine addict