Studied by 49 peopleHow many estates were there?
3
Who made up the first estate? Second? Third?
The clergy, the nobles, and the Bourgeoisie/ Peasants
What percent of land did the people in the first estate own?
10%
What percent of the population made up the peasant population?
80%
What are 3 economic reasons the monarchy was unpopular on the eve of the Revolution?
Monarchs spent lots of money, borrowed heavily, debt from former kings, indecisive on matters, very little patience, and imposed taxes on the nobility
Who was Marie Antoinette?
She was a part of a France and Austria trade/peace deal. She was kind of wild and she got lots of hate. She tended to waste a lot of money.
Who was Marie Antoinette's brother?
James II of Austria
Why were the peasants mad at the absolute monarchy?
There was a slow down in manufacturing, food shortages, food prices raised, unemployment, excessive money has been wasted by them, and they are in massive debts.
Who called for the Estates General Meeting and why?
King Louis XVI and he wanted to raise taxes
What did the third estate want at the Estates General meeting?
They wanted more/individual votes because they made up a lot more of the population than the 2nd and 1st estates
How many votes did each estate get? How many delegates were in each estate?
Everyone got ONE vote. The first and second estate got 300 delegates each and the third estate got 600 delegates.
When the 3rd estate didn't get more votes they decided to protest, what was formed as a result of this?
The National Assembly
When was the National Assembly created? (exact date)
June 17, 1789
What was the National Assembly?
A true representative of the people. They tried to call upon the first and second estates to join them and write a constitution but they declined.
Since the National Assembly gets kicked out by the King, where do they move to?
The tennis court
What was created on the tennis court and what does it say?
The tennis court oath was created and it promised not to separate or reassemble until there was a Constitution created.
King Louis XVI recognized the National Assembly but he saw them as a threat so he...
ordered troops to surround Paris
What was the main reason for the Storming of the Bastille?
The troops surrounded Paris and they created unneeded and unwanted tension.
What date (exact) was the storming of the Bastille?
July 14, 1789
What was the Storming of the Bastille?
The citizens went and stormed the royal prison to get guns and then shoot at the troops. This was an isolated event and it killed about 90 people.
What starts happening when the violence goes beyne the city of Paris?
Other prisons start getting stormed
What is a tithe?
The church collects 10% of income no matter what
What is the Great Fear?
A wave of panic that swept through France because there was no order to anything and they were worried about what was to come next
The National Assembly had to meet again because of the...
Great Fear
When the National Assembly meets again they create what documents (2)?
The August Decrees and the Declaration of the Rights of Man
What were the August Decrees?
First estates agree to meet with the National Assembly and they decide to abolish the ancient feudal order and they abolish some of the privileges the first and second estates get.
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
Stating the citizens natural rights and equalities. All men are born and remain free and equal in rights.
What was the date (exact) that the August decrees were created?
August 4, 1789 -- the Declaration came about 3 weeks later
How does the King respond to the August Decrees and the Declaration of the Rights of a Man?
Refuses to acknowledge the decree
Where do the women go after the King refuses the feudal order and when?
Versailles in October
Why do the women go to Versailles?
They are mad because they want their voices to be heard, they want bread, and they want to take the monarchs back to Paris.
The Roman Catholic Church was also affected by...
Everyone suppressed the church, they took away the church's power, and killed many priests and people who still followed teachings of the church.
What new government comes after the Absolute Monarchy?
The Legislative Assembly
What year was the Legislative Assembly created?
1791
What type of government was the Legislative Assembly and who ran it?
A limited Constitutional Monarchy and it was ran by 745 representatives and the King. Only wealthy men over 25 could be representatives so it still limited the voice of the third estate.
What was the counter revolution/resistance?
Some people were loyal to the church and the nobles so they were trying to push back against the people creating the change like the peasants.
When and where does King Louis XVI attempt to flee to?
He attempts to flee to Austria in 1791
What does the Kings fleeing show?
It shows that he doesn't like the Legislative Assembly.
After the King flew, how did the neighboring countries feel?
They were worried that they would be kicked out soon and they didn't want the revolution to spread to their countries.
What was the War of 1792?
Monarchs from other countries are worried so they start to get ready to defend themselves and help defend France. They create the Declaration of Pillnitz which then causes the Legislative Assembly to declare war and unite the masses
What was the Declaration of Pillnatz?
A declaration to all European powers encouraging them to unite against the French Revolution and help restore the throne to King Louis XVI
When were the last days of the Monarchy and where did they take place?
August 1792 and in the Tuileries Palace.
Who are the Sans- culottes?
Urban working classes "radical" revolutionaries in Paris 1790s.
When is the Legislative Assembly suspended and who takes over poewr?
1792 and the National Convention takes over which means a republic is born.
What is the National Convention?
Lower and middle class come together and they make changes in the calendar and their big question to answer is what do they do with the King?
The meetings of the ______ clubs started in 1790.
Jacobin
Who were the Jacobins?
Radical clubs throughout France that worried about mobs taking over and represented people's interests.
What does the National Convention vote to do with the former King?
Execute him publicly
What year was the King executed?
1793
What year did the meetings of the Jacobin clubs start?
1790
What countries did the execution outrage (5 main)?
Britain, Spain, Prussia, Portugal, and the Dutch Republic
Because the other countries were outraged at the execution this started another war. How did people get entered into the army and how many were there?
They got drafted (conscription) and it took their army from 300,000 people to about 1 million.
What government formed as a way to cease an internal rebellion in 1793
The Committee of Public Safety
What type of power was the Committee of Public Safety granted despite being a republic
Dictatorial power
How long did the Committee of Public Safety rule?
About a year
What event killed or imprisoned everyone who was seen as a threat and anyone who opposed the representatives
Reign of Terror
What was the Guillotine?
a new invention that is supposed to be humane because it is a quick death by beheading.
Who is the most famous victim of the Reign of Terror?
Marie Antoinette
What was the goal of Robespierre and what did he do to try and change the society?
He changed the way they dressed and he was trying to wipe away the old regime like the catholic church and dechristianization.
What year was the church abandoned?
1793
When was the directory formed?
1795
How long did the Directory last?
4 years
What is Coup D'etat?
Military takes over rule
What was the Constitution of 1791?
A constitution that restrained the monarchy but still resided in the Legislative Assembly who still gave some people a voice.
What was the Paris Commune?
Governed Paris for 2 months and it established policies that were anti-religious and included the separation of the state and church.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
A military leader who slowly gained popularity by getting victories. He changed the economy, government, education, and the laws in France. He also tried to take over a lot of Europe and invaded many countries.
How long did Napoleon rule?
about 14 years from 1800-1814
Who was Robespierre?
A member of an influential Jacobin club who justified the use of terror. Virtue vs. Terror. He ended up getting executed by the guillotine.
Girondins vs Mountains
Girondin: worried about the mobs of people taking over - radicals outside the city
Mountains: represented the interests of the people
What was the Republic of Virtue?
Aimed to achieve the peaceful enjoyment of liberty and equality. A political theory that Robespierre created.
What is dechristianization?
the destruction of statues, plates, and other places of worship. This includes destruction of any crosses and bells as well. Basically destroying anything that represents the religion.
What helped end the Reign of Terror?
The fall and execution of Robespierre and there wasn't too much instability. People were also very tired of all the fighting and just wanted a consistent government or ruler who could feed them and get them out of debt.
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