England’s Colonial Rivals

• French: Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec in 1608

• Motives for Colonization:

  • Fur trading economy

  • Catholic Jesuit missionaries

• Dutch settlement taken over

• Spanish settlement: sparsely populated in North America

• Differences between French, Dutch, & Spanish vs. British colonies

  • Fewer European settlers

  • Trade alliances with American Indians (especially fur to be exported to Europe)

  • Intermarriage was much more common

Colonial Wars

• 3 colonial wars occurred

  • King Williams War (1689-1697)

  • Queen Anne's War (1702-1713)

  • King George's War (1744-1748)

• At stake: Control of West Indies, North America (13 colonies and Canada)

• First 3 wars were mainly fought in Europe

Salutary Neglect

• Colonists looking for new land headed west across the Appalachian mountains (further from British coloníal control) and into territory claimed by France.

War Starts: Ohio Valley

The war begins one of Virginia by the name of George Washington's fight against the French and their Native American allies.

French and Indian War

The war lasted from 1754 to 1763, and will have a dramatic impact on the relationship between the colonies and England.

Albany Plan

• The British wanted to coordinate the war effort & colonial defense

• Representatives from 7 colonies meet in Albany, New York in 1754

  • Main purpose was to get the powerful neutral Iroquois to join the British

• Ben Franklin developed the Albany Plan of Union to help coordinate troops and collect taxes (promote colonial unityi)

• Colonial jealousy and tradition of not working together led to the plan being rejected

• Established a precedent for later meetings and cooperation

Treaty of Paris 1763

• England games, French land from Canada to Florida, and the Appalachians to the Mississippi River.

• England gained Florida from Spain.

Big Idea

• Salutary neglect will come to an end following the French and Indian War in 1763.

• 1763 is a turning point in the relationship between the colonies and England.

• Changes: England emerges from the war with massive debt, which leads to taxes

Pontiacs Rebellion - 1763

• Pontiac (Ottawa Chief) forged a western confederation and rebelled against colonists encroaching on their land

• Paxton Boys: Western Pennsylvania Scots Irish settlers attacked random Native people

• British have to send additional troops to stop the rebellion.

• Led to the British passing the…

Proclamation Act of 1763

• Prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachian mountains

• Colonists were angry and openly defied the British policy

British vs. Colonists Views