2.2 Notes

2.2 Key Terms - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5Y2SiZUtKY&feature=youtu.be

reading: pages 32-36

• Juan Ponce de Leon/St. Augustine - Juan Ponce de Leon claimed the land of Florida for Spain in 1513 and settled the permanent settlement of St Augustine in 1565. St. Augustine became the oldest city founded by Europeans in the later United States.

• Samuel De Champlain/Quebec - Quebec was founded by the French on the St. Lawerence River by Samuel de Champlain “Father of New France” in 1608.

• Louis Jolliet/Father Jacques Marquette - Both explored the upper Mississippi River in 1673 for France

• New Amsterdam/Dutch West India Company - The Dutch government allowed the Dutch West India Company to control the settlement of New Amsterdam (Later New York) for economics.

• John Cabot/Joint Stock Companies - John Cabot explored new lands in the early 1600s. The English used joint-stock companies to help finance risky colonization in the Americas.

Many European countries waited to colonize the Americas because of the risk and Wars in Europe.

Early Settlements: Spanish and Portuguese in Central and South America. The French, Dutch, and British settled on the Atlantic coast. 13 British colonies each had their own trade and cultures.

Sources of Labor: Started out with Native Indentured servants but switched to the Atlantic Slave trade as it was more beneficial.

Key Questions: How and why did various European colonies develop and expand between 1607 and 1754?

• Various European Countries created colonies for different reasons. The Spanish were all about conquest and acquiring new lands. The Dutch and French saw it as a way to improve their wealth and create new trade opportunities. The English sought to establish homes and businesses to improve their failing economy after previous conflicts with other European countries. They each created colonies throughout the Americas for those reasons and sought to benefit from them in different ways.

Summary: Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain in 1513 and established St. Augustine in 1565, making it the oldest European-founded city in the later United States. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec in 1608, establishing a French presence in North America. Louis Jolliet and Father Jacques Marquette explored the upper Mississippi River in 1673 for France. The Dutch West India Company controlled New Amsterdam (later New York) for economic purposes. John Cabot explored new lands in the early 1600s, and the English used joint-stock companies to finance risky colonization in the Americas. European countries colonized the Americas for various reasons, with the Spanish focused on conquest, the Dutch and French seeking wealth and trade opportunities, and the English aiming to improve their economy. These colonies developed and expanded between 1607 and 1754, with the Spanish and Portuguese settling in Central and South America, and the French, Dutch, and British establishing colonies along the Atlantic coast. The labor force initially consisted of Native indentured servants but later shifted to the Atlantic slave trade.

2.3 Notes

AMSCO Reading: The Regions of the British Colonies, Pages 38-46 2.3 Key Terms:

• Corporate Colonies/Joint Stock Colonies/Proprietary Colonies - Corporate colnies like Jamestown were owned and operated by joint - stock companies in early years. Proprietary colonies like Maryland and Pennsylvania were under authority by those granted charters by the king.

• Jamestown/ Virginia Company/John Rolfe - Jamestown was the first English colony in America in 1607. Founded by the joint stock Virginia Company. John Rolfe and Pocahontas helped develop tobacco and farming to keep the colony going.

• Separatists/Pilgrims/Puritans/William Bradford - Pilgrims who left England to practice their religion freely and form a religious-based colony of Puritans. Help was led and governed by William Bradford.

• John Winthrop - Brought lots of people to Massachusetts Bay to help start and govern a colony there.

• Great Migration - Religious and political problems in England during the 1630s led around 15,000 settlers to Massachusetts Bay.

• Cecil Calvert/Act of Toleration - Cecil Calvert of Maryland. He wanted Maryland to be a Catholic colony but didn’t follow through when Protestants revolted.

• Roger Williams - Wanted to separate church and state and end church rules. Helped establish Rhode Island.

• Anne Hutchinson/Antinomianism - Stands for freedom and religion. Challenged the ideas of Puritans and others. Wanted rights for all and Women.

• Thomas Hooker/Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - Drafted the first constitution in American History. He Left Massachusetts Puritans to start his own colony Connecticut.

• John Davenport - Started a second settlement in Connecticut in 1637 called New Haven. Later in 1665 joined others to form Connecticut.

• Halfway Covenant - A way to be a partial member of the Puritan congregation for members of the new native-born generation so they could be Puritans and still have their traditional values.

• William Penn/ Quakers/Charter of Liberties (1701) - He was big on freedom for Pennsylvania, didn’t discriminate, and wanted rights for all. He is on the box of Quaker Oats.

• James Oglethorpe - Founded Georgia in 1733. Didn’t want slavery and prevent the Spanish Empire from spreading North.

• House of Burgesses - first representative assembly in America in Virginia 1619

• Mayflower Compact - First self-governed written constitution on the Mayflower.

• Nathanial Bacon/Virgina - Took a stand and wanted protection from Natives. Virgina colony. He died while pooping himself to death.

• William Bradford/Plymouth - Govern of Pilgrims over 30 times. Helped establish Plymouth colony at Cape Cod. First Thanksgiving.

• Indentured Servant - Workers who moved to the Americas and earned their freedom. Work for years and then would be freed agreement.

Key Questions: How and why did British colonies (regions) develop into distinct societies? Understand similarities and differences between New England, the Middle, Chesapeake, and Carolinas/southern colonies.

2.4 Notes

AMSCO Reading: Transatlantic Trade, Pages 49-52 2.4 Key Terms:

• Triangular Trade/Middle Passage - The route of the slave trade and trade of goods followed. Ships from New England carried goods like rum to West Africa in trade for slaves. Then, they sailed on the Middle Passage and the Africans who survived would be sold in the West Indies for sugar cane. Finally, the sugarcane would be brought back to New England to be turned into rum.

• Mercantilism/Navigation Acts/Salutary Neglect - Mercantilism is the idea of having a mother country exploit resources from a colony. The colonies’ purpose is to supply goods and money to the mother country. Impacts the colonies by never meeting their actual wealth worth. The idea is that exports should exceed imports.

• Dominion of New England/Glorious Revolution -

Key Questions: What were the causes and effects of trans-Atlantic trade over time? Be sure You understand the factors leading to the increased African slave trade as well as its impact.

2.5 Notes

AMSCO Reading: Interactions Between American Indians and Europeans, Pages 54-56 2.5 Key Terms:

• New England Confederation - A mutual protection agreement of 1643 of Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven. First state-like agreement.

• King Philip’s War - 1675-1676, War between Metacom and the Natives and English settlers. The bloodiest war in death per capita in history. It was a short war that wiped out villages and tribes. This ended in many populations being wiped out and an end to Native rebellion out of fear.

• Bacon’s Rebellion/William Berkley

Key Questions: How and why did relations between Natives and Europeans change over time? Be sure to understand how various European nations (Spanish, Dutch, French, and English) interacted with, viewed, and dealt with the Natives.

2.6/2.7 Notes

AMSCO Reading: Slavery in the British Colonies, Colonial Society, and Culture Pages 59-72 2.6 & 2.7 Key Terms:

• Headright System/Indentured Servants

• Slave Laws

• Enlightenment/John Locke and Two Treatises on Government

• Great Awakening/Jonathan Edwards/George Whitefield - The Great Awakening was a religious movement in the Americas. Believed to be started by Jonathan Edwards’s “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” novel. George Whitefield helped promote and continue this movement. It also started with more ideas of religious freedom and self-freedom.

• Benjamin West/John Copley

• Phyllis Wheatley

• Cotton Mather

• Zenger Case

Key Questions:

How and why did the movement of ideas and people across the Atlantic contribute to the development of an “American” culture? Understand how religion and politics influence each region of the English colonies.

Explain the causes and effects of social and religious conflict in the English (American) colonies.

What were the causes and effects of the Great Awakening?