MODULE 15|16

Opportunity

A set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something

Challenges

Something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination

Power

Capacity or ability to direct or influence the behavior of others or the course of events

• Economic Aspect

  OPPORTUNITY

  • E-commerce is the conducting of

    business activities such as buying,

    selling, marketing, and servicing

    of products or services.

  CHALLENGES

  • New issues also arise with the onset of e-commerce such as identity theft. It is when someone uses your personally identifying information like your name, social security number, or credit card number.

• Educational Aspect

  OPPORTUNITY

  • E-learning is a new method of

    learning where a student may

    take classes online or via an

    interactive software installed in

    computers and handled devices.

  CHALLENGES

  • The lack of physical activity may

    cause boredom especially for

    young students who may have to

    sit in front of computers for

    several hours.

• Social Aspect

  OPPORTUNITY

  • It can be the support system that

    social networking site members

    provide each other.

  CHALLENGES

  • Thieves can easily use the

    information they get online such

    as birthdates and ID numbers to

    access bank and government

    accounts.

• Political Aspect

  OPPORTUNITY

  • People have now acquired more opportunities to express their political views and participate in political gatherings.

  CHALLENGES

  • Using social media is a tool for making a political standpoint on a massive scale will not necessarily guarantee a favorable outcome.

MODULE 17

THREATS

Seeing violent media content can enable a person to behave in a similar manner.

This may include exposure to inappropriate content, data breaches and so on.

RISKS

Media influencing other unhealthy or risky behavior including smoking, drinking, etc.

Even with the tight security setting, hackers can still hack your personal information on social sites.

This may include fake accounts, spams and malwares.

ABUSE

Abuse typically involves actions that cause harm, manipulation, or damage to individuals, communities, or the public through various channels, such as digital platforms, traditional media, or communication technologies.

Examples: spreading disinformation, cyberbullying, privacy violations, and the dissemination of hate speech.

MISUSE

Misuse implies actions that go against ethical standards, responsible practices, or the intended purpose of communication channels, technologies, or content.

Examples: Fabrication of information, selective reporting, plagiarism, and engaging in biased reporting.

Social Media Misuse Consequences

CHILD PORNOGRAPHY

To produce, print, procure or possess child pornography is an offence under the criminal act of 1958.

A publication, photograph, computer game, or film that represents the sexual activity of any person under the age of 18 is termed child pornography.

STALKING

Under the crimes act, 1958 stalking is mentioned as a criminal offence.

Stalking happens when an individual gets into the course of conduct with the idea to harm the opponent physically or mentally.

PRIVACY LOSS

Individual privacy is lost with social media networking websites and is one of the greatest problems faced these days.

Social networking websites these days, request for personal information to be filled and this is easily accessible by people across the globe.

TIME DEPLETION

The biggest disadvantage of social media networking is that it takes up a lot of students’ time and is addicting.

The Digital entertainment survey of 2008 in Great Britain mentions about one-third of students under age 15 to 19 allocate less timing for homework and more time on social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.

MODULE 18

3 Major Trends of Media and Information

• Massive Open Online Content

  • an online course, content, or other resource aimed at unlimited participation and made available in an open access forum using the web.

  • it is designed with the distance learner in mind, empowering users to learn using a flexible and self-directed approach.

  • The Purposes of MOOC:

    1. Higher Education

    2. Workplace Connection

    3. Lifelong Learning

• Wearable Technology

  • electronics that can be worn on the body, either as an accessory or as part of material used in clothing.

  • One of the major features of wearable technology is its ability to connect to the Internet, enabling data to be exchanged between a network and the device.

• Ubiquitous Learning

  • learning is anytime and anywhere.

  • This is something that people cannot escape from

    because the society is full of information, ready to

    be consumed.

Virtual Reality

it implies a complete immersion experience that shuts out the physical world using a head-mounted display or headset.

in the virtual world, users can move around in all directions, manipulate objects, and more.

Augmented Reality

it enhances, or augments, the real world with

digital information.

it adds digital elements to a live view often by

using the camera on a smartphone.

Mixed Reality

it combines elements of both AR and VR, where

real-world and digital objects interact.

MODULE 19

ADVERTISEMENT

defined as “the placement of announcements and persuasive messages in time or space”.

means of communication in which a product, brand or service is promoted to a viewership in order to attract interest, engagement, and sales.

found almost everywhere - on television and radio, in newspapers and magazines, and on the Internet.

Types of Advertisement

• Print Advertisement'

those in magazines and newspapers, aim for a massive audience.

for a smaller audience, brochures, fliers and coupons are used.

other print ads include outdoor advertisements such as billboards and transit ads.

• Video Advertisement

commonly aired in major networks.

The creative process for a video ad, is rigorous. It passes through several meetings, client conferences, brainstorming and pre-production preparations.

It is the advertiser's job to compress all important details in a short video, which usually lasts for a minute or less.

• Radio Advertisement

Radio remains a good venue for advertisement.

It is cheaper than television and still enjoys a very loyal following. Unlike print, radio is capable of conveying emotions

• Web Advertisement

Technology triggered a rapid migration of people to the Internet. Social media had become a preferred venue for advertisements even for big companies.

Social media provide an edge in advertising because of the large number of users worldwide.

Recent Trends in Advertising

• Programmatic advertising

a form of online advertising that uses technology to automate the purchase and placement of ads.

through programmatic advertising, advertisers can reach their target audience more accurately and reduce costs.

• Targeted online ads

are advertisements served to users based on their personal information, such as their age, location, gender, interests, and browsing history.

these ads are designed to be more relevant and exciting to the user than traditional ads.

• Artificial intelligence (AI)

is changing the landscape of advertising. With the ability to collect and analyze vast amounts of data, AI provides new insights into consumer behavior and preferences.

additionally, AI is being used to automate some aspects of advertising, such as media buying and creative optimization.

• mobile-first advertising

this means designing ads optimized for small screens and touchscreens and the unique ways people use mobile devices.

• Omnichannel advertising

is a new approach to marketing that uses multiple channels to reach consumers.

omnichannel advertising uses numerous channels, including the Internet, social media, and mobile devices.

• Visual advertising

the power of visual advertising is vast and far-reaching, able to transcend language barriers and engage viewers on an emotional level.

a single image can tell a story, evoke feelings, and create a lasting impression.

MODULE 22

People Media

an assembly of people with a common interest where they become the main means of mass communication.

people are media themselves since they have the ability for mass communication.

Characteristics of People Media

• TECH SAVVY

  proficient in the use of technology, especially computers.

• CREDIBLE

  able to be believed, capable of being believed; reliable.

• FLEXIBLE

  knows how to use a range of technology; able to change or to do different things.

• CHARISMATIC

  appeals to the senses of different people.

• UPDATED

  in the know of the latest information.

• ARTICULATE

  expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language.

Types of People Media

• People in Media

media practitioners who provide information coming from their expert knowledge or first hand experience of event.

people behind another form of media.

Types of journalist as medium:

• Print Journalists

• Photojournalists

• Broadcast Journalists

• Multimedia Journalists

• People as Media

they are MEDIA itself.

The person serves as the medium for another person to learn or acquire new knowledge.

people who are well-oriented to media sources and messages and able to provide information as accurate and reliable as possible.

Types of People as Media

• OPINION LEADERS

  highly exposed to and actively using media, source of viable interpretation of messages for lower-end media users.

• CITIZEN JOURNALISM

  people without professional journalism training can use the tools of modern technology and internet to create, augment or fact-check media on their own or in collaboration with others.

• SOCIAL JOURNALISM

  Journalists are using social media to make their content available to more people.

• CROWDSOURCING

  the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people and especially from the online community.

Traditional media in the past

• PRE-SPANISH ERA

Knowledge was passed on through folk media and indigenous forms of media.

Careers: Town crier, messenger, community scribe.

• SPANISH ERA

Education was limited to the elite, publication of books (i.e., Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo) and newspapers (La Solidaridad) advanced the Propaganda movement which led to the people’s revolution against Spanish rule.

Only the elite spoke and understood Spanish. Thus, communication was limited. Pen names were used to avoid political oppression.

Careers: book writers, newspaper writer, editor, publisher, copyreader, artist.

• AMERICAN AND JAPANESE ERA

During this era, major newspaper (i.e. Manila Times and Manila Bulletin), radio broadcasting and movies became available. Media was used for propaganda by government and other groups.

Careers: book writers, newspaper writer, editor, publisher, copyreader, artist, cartoonist, reporter, producer, broadcaster.

• POST-WAR ERA

The golden age of Philippine Journalism.

Advertising, Communication Education, and press freedom flourished in this era.

Careers: book writers, newspaper writer, editor, publisher, copyreader, artist, cartoonist, reporter, producer, media technicians, advertisers.

• MARTIAL LAW ERA

Highlights of this era include the government takeover of media and the press and the image engineering of the Marcoses in the name of nationalism.

• POST-EDSA ERA

People Power brought greater freedom for Philippine media.

During this era, the new Constitution recognized the vital role of communication and information in nation-building.

Press freedom influenced the growth in media careers.

• MODERN ERA

Careers: web designer, online instructors, digital producers, bloggers, animators, programmer, archivist, metadata analyst, data miner, user experience designer, call center agents, virtual assistants.

MODULE 23

SOCIAL MEDIA

a catch-all term for a variety of internet applications that allow users to create content and interact with each other.

a digital technology that allows the sharing of ideas and information, including text and visuals, through virtual networks and communities

Characteristics of Social Media

• Individualized, builds profiles (includes personal details, pictures, likes)

• Connects with friends and people (includes referrals by other friends or by the site itself)

• Uploads content in real-time

• Enables conversations (both private and public)

• Provides tracking (history and threads)

FORMATS & EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL MEDIA

• Relationship or Social networks – Facebook

• Micro-blogging – Twitter, Instagram

• Special interest networks – LinkedIn, Pinterest

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF USING SOCIAL MEDIA

• RELATIONSHIPS

  • ADVANTAGES

    People who are physically apart can continue to communicate at a lower cost, send pictures, use live streaming, thereby strengthening the ties between them.

  • LIMITATIONS

    People expect friends and family to respond immediately. Some private conversations can be made vulnerable to exposure.

• DIVERSION/ENTERTAINMENT

  • ADVANTAGES

    Social media can provide great entertainment and allow users to have a respite from their busy schedules.

  • LIMITATIONS

    This form of entertainment can often be addictive. Others find it more difficult to manage their time wisely and to focus on the task at hand.

• LEARNING

  • ADVANTAGES

    Social media provides a platform for real time collaborative learning. Resources can be made readily available.

  • LIMITATIONS

    Teachers needs to develop skills for a more inclusive and personalized way of facilitated learning. Not all information is valid, accurate or beneficial.

• RECOGNITION

  • ADVANTAGES

    Instant recognition by the way of simply liking post can be very gratifying and encouraging

  • LIMITATIONS

    Social media has created a specific need for validation and attention.

• CAREER PROGRESSION

  • ADVANTAGES

    It has become easier to market one through social media. Connections and referrals are established more quickly.

  • LIMITATIONS

    There is no separation of private and professional. What is posted about the private self may affect the professional.

MODULE 24

Importance of Digital Literacy

• Use

  competencies

• Understand

  survival skills, thinking skills

  • "finding, evaluating, and effectively using the information to communicate, collaborate, and solve problems”

• Create

  social utility of digital literacy

  • judging how to produce content

3 Categories of Information Disorder

• MIS-INFORMATION

  Information is false, but the person disseminating it believes that it is true.

  Mis-information is “false information that is spread, regardless of intent to mislead.”

• DIS-INFORMATION

  Information is false, and the person disseminating it knows it is false. It is a deliberate intentional lie.

  It is motivated by three distinct factors: to make money (financial); to have political influence, either foreign or domestic (political); or to cause trouble for the sake of it (psychological or social).

• MAL-INFORMATION

  Information that is shared with an intent to cause harm.

  Examples: leaks to the press, using a picture of a dead child (with no context) in an effort to ignite hatred of a particular group.

7 Common forms of Information Disorder

• SATIRE OR PARODY

  no intention to cause harm but has potential to fool.

• MISLEADING CONTENT

  misleading use of information to frame an issue or individual.

• IMPOSTER CONTENT

  when genuine sources are impersonated.

• FABRICATED CONTENT

  new content is 100% false, designed to deceive and do harm.

• FALSE CONNECTION

  when headlines, visuals, or captions don't support the content.

• FALSE CONTENT

  when headlines, visuals, or captions don't support the content.

• MANIPULATED CONTENT

  when genuine information or imagery is manipulated to deceive.

MODULE 25

Reliable Information

must come from dependable sources.

According to UGA Libraries, a reliable source will provide a “thorough, well-reasoned theory, argument, etc. based on strong evidence. ”

Widely credible sources include:

1. Scholarly, peer-reviewed articles and books

2. Trade or professional articles or books

3. Magazine articles, books and newspaper articles from well-established companies

Importance of reliable information

The importance of using reliable sources truly boils down to effective communication.

Credible communication is key in business success and that is why you should not just grab any information off the internet.

Credibility is especially important to business professionals because using unreliable data can cause internal and external stakeholders to question your decisions and rely solely on their own opinions rather than factual data.

CRITERIA FOR SOURCE RELIABILITY

• Authority

  Who is the author/publisher? What are their credentials?

  Do they have knowledgeable experience in the field they are writing about? What is their reputation?

  Are there footnotes and/or a bibliography?

• Accuracy

  Compare the author’s information to that which you already know is reliable. Are there proper citations?

  Is the information biased? If so, does it affect research conclusions?

• Coverage

  Is the information relevant to your topic and does it meet your needs? Consider what you need such as statistics, charts, and graphs.

• Currency

  Is your topic constantly evolving? Topics in technology and medical innovation require sources that are up to date.

• Content

  Does the content address the topic effectively? Does it help and provide information that is helpful?

ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA

• Text

  simple and flexible format that is handwritten, printed, or displayed on-screen

  Text is available in different sources whether it is formal (news articles, published books, newspapers, etc.) or informal (blogs, personal emails, SMS or text messages, etc.)

• Visual

  building blocks/basic units in the construction of a visual image

  Design Elements:

  • Line

  • Shape

  • Value

  • Color

  • Form

• Audio

  is a medium that is narrated, recorded with the use of audio equipment. It is none projected and enhances visual and effectiveness of a presentation.

  AUDIO FILE FORMATS

  • MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) [MPEG = Moving Pictures Experts Group]

    • common format

    • standard

  • M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding)

    • the successor of the MP3

    • audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression

    • better sound quality

  • WAV – Waveform Audio File format

    • a Microsoft audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs

    • become a standard file format for game sounds, among others

  • WMA (Windows Media Audio) -

    • an audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft and used with Windows Media Player.

• Motion

  gives the appearance of a movement can be a collection of graphics, footage, videos

  combined with audio, text and/or interactive content to create multimedia

• Manipulative Media

  program's outputs depend on the user's inputs

  user's inputs in turn affect the program's outputs

Uses of Multimedia

• Entertainment and Fine Arts (movies and animation, interactive multimedia, others).

• Education (computer-based training courses, edutainment, others).

• Engineering, Mathematical and Scientific Research (modeling, simulation, others).

• Industry (presentation for shareholders, employee training, advertising and marketing, others).

• Medicine (virtual surgery, simulation, others).

• Multimedia in Public Places (kiosks in hotels, railway stations, shopping malls, museums, digital bulletin boards; others).