AP Gov Unit 3: Civil Rights & Liberties Vocab

Fundamental rights and freedoms protected from infringement by the government.

Protections from discrimination as a member of a particular group.

A list of fundamental rights and freedoms that individuals possess.

No STATE can deny a person “life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” Of the Fourteenth Amendment, states that no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.

The Bill of Rights has been applied (incorporation) to the states over time on a case-by-case basis (selective).

Protection against the government requiring citizens to join or support a religion.

Protection of the rights of individuals to exercise and express their religious beliefs.

A fundamental right affirmed in the First Amendment to speak, publish, and protest.

Legal standard that speech posing an immediate and serious threat to national security is not protected by the First Amendment.

The suppression of material prior to publication on the grounds that it might endanger national security.

Protected expression in the form of images, signs, and other symbols.

An untrue written statement that injures a person’s reputation.

An untrue spoken expression that injures a person’s reputation.

Laws criminalizing conduct that was legal at the time it occurred.

A law passed by Congress punishing an individual without a trial.

A document setting out reasons for an arrest or detention.

Protects an individual acquitted of a crime from being charged with the same crime again in the same jurisdiction.

The right to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning. These rights must be given by police to individuals suspected of criminal activity.

Protections for individuals from discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, sex, and other characteristics, ensuring equal treatment under the law.

Prohibited slavery.

Granted citizenship to persons born in the United States.

• Due process clause

• Equal protection clause.

Has been used to protect civil rights of Americans from discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, gender, and other characteristics.

Granted the right to vote to male African Americans.

Racial segregation is constitutional as long as facilities are equal for whites and black.

Separation by law of individuals based on race.

Separation mandated by law and enforced by the government. Now is unconstitutional, led to rise in de facto.

Separation of individuals based on characteristics that arise not by law but because of other factors, such as residential housing patterns.

A policy designed to address the consequences of previous discrimination by providing special consideration to individuals based upon their characteristics, such as race or gender.

Legislation outlawing racial segregation in public places and authorized the attorney general to sue individual school districts that failed to desegregate.

Legislation outlawing literacy tests and authorizing the Justice Department to send federal officers to register voters in areas with a history of voter discrimination.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Legislation prohibiting sex discrimination in schools receiving federal aid.