9.1: The Complex World Political Map

a people united by culture, language, history, and tradition but not possessing a state.

Attempting to acquire territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation.

When a region within a country is given some authority to govern their own territories independent from the national government.

A country with various ethnicities and cultures living inside its borders.

the study of the ways that the world is organized as a reflection of the power that different groups hold over territory.

State: a politically organized, ________ with a government, defined borders, an a permanent population.

the study of the ways that the world is organised as a reflection of the power that different groups hold over territory

a politically organized, independent territory with a government, defined borders, an a permanent population

The right of a government to control and defend its territory and determine what occurs within its borders without interference from other countries.

a cultural entity of individuals with a shared language religion, ethnicity, or heritage (often all of these traits are shared) who share a vision of the future

when the territory covered by a state is the same as the territory occupied by a group of people who view themselves as a nation

a nation that consists of people who share a a cultural or ethnic background but live in sizable amounts in more than one country

Attempting to acquire territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation

A country with various ethnicities and cultures living inside its borders

When a region within a country is given some authority to govern their own territories independent from the national government

a people united by culture, language, history, and tradition but not possessing a state

to explicitly state in a legally binding document where boundaries are located, referencing things such as natural features or lines of latitude and longitude

to draw boundaries on a map, in accordance with a legal agreement

to place physical objects such as stones, pillars, walls, or fences to indicate where a boundary exists

to manage the way borders are maintained and how goods and people cross them

a border established before an area becomes heavily settled

a border drawn in an area that has been settled and where cultural landscapes exist or are in the process of being established

a type of subsequent boundary that takes into account the differences that exist within a cultural landscape, separating groups that have distinct languages, religions, ethnicities, or other traits

A border drawn over existing accepted borders by an outside or conquering force

a mathematically drawn boundary that typically follows lines of latitude and longitude or is a straight-line arc between two points

a former boundary that no longer has an official function

the international agreement that established the structure of maritime boundaries

an area that extends 200 nautical miles from a state's coast; a state has sole access to resources found within the waters or beneath the sea floor of its EEZ

Bodies of water within the baseline of a country

First 12 nautical miles from shore

next 12 nautical miles after territorial waters

A force that brings people together, often when education and mass media promote a shared culture and language within a state

a group of states with a central government but some independence in internal affairs

A group of sovereign states that have banded together in which the autonomy of each member state takes precedence over the common government

A force that divides groups of people

People who want complete succession or greater autonomy or recognition as a national minority

When centrifugal forces are strong enough to threaten a state’s sovereignty and the government can no longer provide the services essential to governing

the process by which the people of a country identify as having one common ethnicity, religious belief, and language, creating a sense of pride and identity that is tied to the territory; also called ethnic nationalism

Fair and just legal system, strong infastructure, economic equity, religious acceptance

Dictatorial leadership, rampant economic inequality, ethnic conflict, weak infrastructure

Cultural cohesion, unity, federations

Uneven development and separatist movements

the attempt to influence or control people and events by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area

A narrow, strategic passageway to another place through which it is difficult to pass

a region where states form, join, and break up because of ongoing, sometimes violent, conflicts among parties and because they are caught between the interests of more powerful outside states

A type of imperialism consisting of the practice of claiming and dominating overseas territories and putting settlements there

Diffusion of European Culture;

Contemporary political boundaries are in many cases the result of colonial boundaries;

Divided the world into LDC’s and MDC’s

A type of imperialism consisting of the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies

Continued dependence of LDC’s on MDC’s;

Diffusion of popular/global culture

The process by which a colony gains independence

Independence and Self-Determination of formerly colonized people - many state boundaries were the same as or similar to colonial borders;

Conflicts within countries due to political boundaries not aligning with cultural/ethnic ones.

The process that occurs when the central power in a state which is divided up among regional authorities within its borders.

An organization of a state in which power is concentrated in a central government

Fewer government agencies; Efficient

Can be disconnected from local areas

Tend to favor the political and culturally dominant

• one sided policies

• Ignore minority groups and local cultures

A form of government where the country’s power is more broadly shared between federal and regional units

Reduction of conflict between regions that differ on issues;

Allows room for diversity;

Boosts political participation

Many disadvantages are the downsides of the advantages

• regional/local governments can prevent progress of issues

• Can give undue power to localized special interests

Costs and benefits of federal policy and aid are often unevenly distributed

When people of an ethnic group identify more strongly as that group instead of as citizens of the state

the process by which a state attacks an ethnic group and tries to eliminate it through expulsion, imprisonment, or killing

When three or more countries join together to collectively achieve greater benefits for all members.

A desire to promote free trade, ensure security/peace, and/or address a global challenge

Member states have to give up a degree of sovereignty and have to go along with decisions of other countries; Can enable a cooperative effort to solve global problems.

cost reductions that occur when production rises

An international orginization with member states across the world, that’s goal is to promote peace and security, along with economic and social development.

A military alliance with member states in Europe and North America, and partners across the globe. Its goal is to safeguard the freedom and security of member states by political and military means.

A European orginization with 27 member states governing common economic, social, and security issues

An international orginization with 10 member states whose goal is to accelerate economic growth and maintain peace and security in SE Asia

An orginization with member states in the middle east and Africa. Its goal is to strengthen and coordinate the political, cultural, economic, and social programs of its members and to mediate disputes among them or between them and third parties

High-level Intergovernmental orginization with 8 member states. Its goal is to address issues related to the Arctic, such as sustainable development

Intergovernmental organization with 55 African member states to promote unity and solidarity in Africa and spur economic development

An official count and survey of a population

The redistribution of representative seats among states based on shifts in population

The redrawing of internal territorial and political boundaries

The dividing of legislative boundaries to give a political party an advantage in elections