sociology semester 1 exam review

Systematic study of the relationship between the individual and society

A way to understand human behavoir by placing it in its broader social context

our experiences are effected by society and the times we live in

father of sociology

Comte; understanding things based on postive knowledge, sureness, science.

He studied ties that bond society together

He believed sociologists should help improve society, studies the struggles between owners and workers

He studied the industrial revoultion and said that sociolgists have to be unbiased.

Weber; traditional societies emphasize emotion and personal ties while modern societies emphasize efficiency and self-control

She was a feminist and reasearcher, translated Comte’s work into English

He created social darwinism

Survival of the fittest society, will overtake all inferoir societies.

Valued freedom and welfare, studied at American, modern universities.

The 1st department of sociology in the US

He studied inequalities based on race and the social processes that contributed to racial separation

She argued that societies can be judged on wether the principles they claim to believe in match their actions

Involes critcal theory, feminism and post-modernism

a statement of how and why specific facts are related

sets of assumptions that guide thinking and research

Stable patterns; Society is a system whose parts work together in order to promote solidarity and stability, consequences

Society is full of ineqaliity, which creates conflict and need for change, benefits the wealthy and deprives the poor

Society is the product of everyday interaction of individuals, everyone has thier own thoughts, views, experiences, etc.

action with postive outcome

actions with negative outcomes

intended consequences

unintended consequences

undesirable consequences

large-scale change

small-scale change; focuses on patterns of social interactions

people weigh benefits and risks of personal relationships

use of sociology to real world problems

paitents; to address medical and psycological issues

development of economic, political and social relationships stretched worldwide

combination of status, roles, activities, goals, views, life circumstances

1st three stages in levinson’s development stages. includes, early adult transition (17-22), entering adulthood (23-27), and age 30 transition (28-32)

created the three phases of female development

preforming tasks nessacry to produce a good or service

all individuals (16+) who are employed in paied positions or seeking employment

people not paied for their services

required specialized skills and knowledge

moving busniesses outside national borders

study of the physical aspects of aging

study of non-physical aspects of aging

period between normal onset of puberty and the begining of adulthood

learning rights, obligations, expectations of a status in preparing for that status at a future date

meeting people for romantic engagement

express purpose of marriage

timed by age at which a man aqired property nessucary to support a family

did a study of dating-people date of simlar ranks

a tendecy for people to marry people whi have social characteristics like thier own

degree of attachment people have to those around them

a group of people who share a culture and live together

principle social structures that organize, direct, and execute the essential tasks of living

stable patterns of peoples interactions and relationships

ways people respond to each other

position in society

assigned to us at birth

secured based on individual choice

key status that carry primary weight in a persons interactions and relatioships with others

rights and obligations

behavoirs one expects from others

behavoirs one is expected to do

behavoir expected of a person in a status

actual behavior of the person who occupies a status

single status may have muliple roles

set of expectations for people who have a given social position or status

when incompatible expectations arise from two or more statuses held by the same person

difficulty that arises when the same social position (status) imposes conflicting demands and expectations

disengangment from a role

2 or more people bound in a social interaction

small group with personal contact and strong ties

formal group with relatively distant ties

group to which people feel they belong

group to which people feel they dont belong

individuals use this group as standard for evaluating themselves and thier own behavoir

temporary or permanent allience geared toward a common goal

formal organization that uses rules and hierarchal ranking to acheive efficiency

divison of labor, hierarchy of authoriety, written rules and regulations, impersonality, employment based on technical qualifications

every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to thier level of incompetence

process by which a insitution increasing relies on techinical rational decision making

process by which the principles of bureacry shape the organization and decison making

democratic organization will develop into a bureaucracy ruled by a few (oligarchy)

sum of the total behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values of an individual

genetic charateristics from parent to child

unchanging biological inherited behavior pattens

experiences and learned behavior that develops “you”

showed dogs could salivate when they hear a bell

study of the biological basis of all social behavior

capacity to learn a skill or knowledge

being placed or kept in a residential institution

process through which ppl learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society

awareness that you are an individual

clean slate

“Looking-glass self” we develop an imaage of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to others

role taking, not only we see oursleves as others see us, but we take on the roles that others have

learn to see oursleves through the eyes of others and we act accordingly

unsolicisted, spontaneous, self-intersested