Studied by 51 peopleTags & Description
Imperialism
domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
Annexation
addding a territory to an existing state or country
“Jewel of the Crown”
In 1858, India formally became a direct possession of the British Crown
played a key role (economic, strategic, military) in the expansion and consolidation of the British Empire.
Boer
Dutch farmers who settled in Cape Town, Africa, and eventually migrated inland
Boer War
1899–1902
a war in which Great Britain defeated the Boers of South Africa
Shaka
was a Zulu chief and founder of southern Africa’s Zulu empire.
Social Darwinism
natural selection applied to human society
survival of the fittest
Sepoy
Indian soldier who served in an army set up by the French or English trading companies
Raj
A system of British colonial rule in India
Berlin Conference
was a meeting between European powers to colonize Africa
Paternalism
the system of governing a country as a father would a child
Assimilation
absorb or adopt another culture
Geopolitics
the struggle over the control of geographical entities with an international and global dimension, and the use of such geographical entities for political advantage.
Quinine
A medicine that helped Europeans survive deadly tropical diseases such as malaria.
Great Game
was a competition between Russia and Britain for influence in Persia
Russia wanted to protect its southern frontier and expand into central asia
Britain wanted to protects its interests in India
both powers sought to increase their influence in the Ottoman empire, Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet.
Suez Canal
a canal in Egypt linking the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, which also links Europe to ports in Asia and East Africa
King Mongkut & Siam
was king of Siam (modern-day Thailand) from 1851–1868.
Mongkut lived as a Buddhist monk before becoming king.
he was fond of Western philosophies and worked to modernize his kingdom.
His educated children were able to further his progress after his death.
Sepoys
Indian soldiers
Sepoy Uprising
Also called the uprising of 1857 or Sepoy rebellion
several sepoy regiments and Indian rulers marched to Delhi to hail the last Mughal ruler as their leader
in some places, British men, women and children were brutally massacred by the sepoys
The British soon crushed the revolt and took revenge by slaughtering thousands of unarmed Indians
Menelik II & Ethiopia
modernized Ethiopia
hired European experts to plan modern roads and bridges
set up a western school system
imported the latest weapons and European officers to help train his army
all of this helped Ethiopia keep its independence when the Italians tried to invade in 1896
Maji Maji War
the germans triumphed only after burning acres and acres of farmland
left thousands of local people to die of starvation
Crimean War
war fought mainly on the Crimean Peninsula between the Russians and the British, French, and Turks from 1853–1856
Sati
It called for a widow to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral prye
Muhammad Ali
1769–1849
was often called the “founder of modern Egypt”
was the son of a military commander who died when he was a young boy
He was appointed governor of Egypt by the Ottomans and seized power during the chaos of the civil war following Napoleon’s invasion
set in motion a number of economic, political, administrative, and military reforms
His reforms were intended to secure Egyptian independence and place Egypt on the road to becoming a major Middle Eastern power
Ram Mohun Roy
1772–1833
was a founder of Hindu College in Calcutta
it provided an English-style education to Indians
wanted to reform some parts of traditional Indian and Hindu culture but he also revived India’s pride in its culture
He is considered the founder of Indian nationalism.
Direct Control
Reflected the European belief that colonial people were incapable of ruling themselves
Indirect Control
did not replace traditional rulers with European officials
local rulers had limited power and did not influence government decisions
Forms of imperialism
Protectorate
Sphere of influence
Colony
Economic imperialism
Protectorate
A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
ex: Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River Delta
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
ex: Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the U.S.
Colony
A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power
ex: Somaliland in East Africa was a french colony
Economic Imperialism
An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments
ex: the dole fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii
What caused imperialism?
Nationalism
to gain power and display national pride
Europeans competed for colonies and trade
Economic Competition
Demand for raw materials and new markets
Missionary Spirit
Spread Christianity teaching to the world
How is social darwinism connected to imperialism?
Europeans argued they were superior to all others and imperial conquest of weaker races was simply nature’s way of improving human species.
What is the relationship between the industrial revolution and imperialism?
During the Industrial Revolution, the western world advanced in sciences, technology, transportation, industry, and communication. These advances gave the western world the tools they needed to expand their overseas empires.
How were the Europeans able to infiltrate and control the interior of Africa?
they explored the rivers of Africa
adventurers mapped out the course and sources of the great African rivers such as the Niger, the Nile, and the Congo
Missionaries sought to spread Christianity
took a paternalistic view of Africans
David Livingstone
was a British doctor and missionary and explorer who influenced Western attitudes toward Africa.
The Berlin Conference
Note
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