Studied by 13 peopleOttoman, Safavid, Manchu, Mughal
Four major land/gunpowder empires
2 reasons why conflict existed between the gunpowder empires
-Ottoman was Sunni Muslim, Safavid was Shia muslem
fights broke out over territory- like the Ottoman and Safavid
Imperial
relating to an empire
Monumental architecture
large houses, public buildings and special purpose structures
Tributary System
system of China, network of loose international relations
Describe the system of Devshirme in the Ottoman Empire
requires conquered Christians to give up 20% of their male children to the state
How do rulers use art and architecture to legitimize their rule
As the arcitecture became bigger and better, it was supposedly showing their god like skills to show power and dominance
One example of a piece of art/arcitecture that was used to legitimize rule
The Qing Dynasty used imperial portraits to help them legitimize their rule and establish their Chinese identity
Five tech innovations that helped to increase transoceanic interconnections
-records of wind patterns
maps of the stars -Astrolabe -magnetic compass -carvel
5 maritime empires that began expanding during the Age of Exploration
-Portugal -dutch -Spanish -England -France
trading post empire
they were small amounts of land in strategic locations around the African coast and throughout the Indian Ocean. Their goal was to make monopoly over the spice trade and charge all ships coming through
Disease vector
only agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another
Cash crops
tobacco, sugar, cotton (processed in large quantities for profit)
Coerced labor
work completed by force or intimidation from authority
Wheat origin
Spaniards
Grapes origin
West Asia
Potatoes origin
Peru
Maize origin
Americas
Cacao origin
south america
3 diseases spread along Colombian Exchange
-influenza -measles -smallpox
3 animals spread along Colombian Exchange
-pigs -cows -horses
Impact of European colonization on indigenous American peoples
the European influenced the American people by introducing private ownership over land. They also brought diseases that ended killing a large portion of the native population. Missionaries converted natives causing them to give up or blend their old traditions
Ming China isolationism
Great Wall; for fear of foreign invasion
Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan isolationism
feared subversive potential of Christianity. Ended many commercial contracts with China, Asia and Europe
Hacienda System
keeping people to work on the land they lived on (debt)
Encomienda system
developed an exchange among natives for work in return for protection and education
Difference between indentured servitutde and chattel slavery
indentured slavery was a form of debt bondage. agreed upon by both parties. Chattel slavery was one person having complete ownership over another
2 groups that benefited and grew from European colonization
Portugal Netherlands/Dutch
Cultural Synthesis
the blending of two or more cultural influences
Syncretism
the combining of different beliefs and ideas
Major principles of mercantilism
the belief that the amount of wealth in the world is relatively static. a country´s wealth could best be judged by the amount of precious metals in their possession. the need to encourage exports over imports
Joint-stock Companies
A business owned by its investors; dominated posision or a sector by one company
Monopoly companies
investors only paid a fraction of the cost for maritime trade and people wanted to share their ideas and beliefs to others
3 major trade items that began circulating as a result of increased transoceanic interconnections
-domesticated animals -cash/food crops -guns and powder
How did a larger slave trade impact gender roles in Africa
more African men were used as slaves, as the women began to help control the areas
5 resistances in which indigenous people around the world attempted to resist European colonization
-Pueblo Uprising -The Pontiac war -the Kol uprising -Santhal rebellion -Aba women revolt
3 commonalities among the resistance movements
-the indigenous were trying to resist capture and slavery -indigenous vs. whites and Spaniards -many people died
One empire that was religiously and culturally tolerant to other groups
The Netherlands
One empire that was NOT religiously and culturally tolerant to other groups
The Spanish
Peninsulares
highest officers in the New World
Creoles
White person descended from French or Spanish settlers
Mestizos
People of European and Native American ancestry
Mulattos
mixed white and black ancestry
What groups were at the very bottom of the castas system
-mulattos -mestizos
Ethnicity of the Qing in China, how did this impact their leadership
Manchu. They were able to conquer and control many parts of China. (Nomadic People)
What political system did Japan have?
Kamakura Shogunate. Power rested with the Shoguns themsleves.
How did feudalism lead to a shift in power dynamics within Europe
Feudalism discouraged unifies governmane, trade and economic growth
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