Unit 8 - Clinical Psychology

These are types of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear strong enough to interfere with one’s daily activities. Examples include panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.

An old medical practice where blood is drawn from a patient to cure or prevent illness and disease. It was believed that removing blood would balance the humors and promote health.

Disorders involve persistent feelings of sadness and worthlessness and a lack of desire to engage in formerly pleasurable activities.

Mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity.

Eating disorders are mental disorders defined by abnormal eating habits that negatively affect a person's physical or mental health.

These are disorders characterized by obsessive thoughts that cause distress (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors intended to reduce this distress (compulsions).

An ancient medical system where it was believed that human body fluids (blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm) needed to be balanced for good health.

Patterns of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple areas of life and create distress for the person experiencing these symptoms.

This theory suggests that psychological factors like stress, trauma, learned behaviors, or dysfunctional thought patterns cause mental illnesses.

Mental disorders characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be explained by medical conditions, substance use, or other mental disorders.

This is the theory that mental disorders result from organic (bodily) causes such as brain damage or genetic predisposition.

These are a group of mental health disorders that includes any mental health condition that's triggered by a traumatic event.

A category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem solving.

Mental health conditions that cause people to perceive or interpret reality in ways that significantly deviate from the norm, often including hallucinations or delusions.

These are mental health disorders characterized by significant disturbances in mood or emotional state such as depression or bipolar disorder.

Mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity.

These are types of mental disorders in which your ways of thinking, behaving and perceiving things are different from what society considers normal. This can lead to significant problems and limitations in relationships, social activities, work and school.

Mental health conditions that involve an excessive use of a substance or substances, leading to significant impairment or distress.

This refers to the belief that mental disorders are caused by supernatural forces or entities, such as demons, spirits, or the influence of stars.

An ancient surgical procedure that involves drilling or scraping a hole into the skull. It was believed to treat various ailments by releasing evil spirits trapped in the head.

An anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear and avoidance of places or situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable if panic-like symptoms were to occur.

A psychological disorder characterized by excessive worry about everyday things for at least six months.

A psychiatric disorder in which debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without reasonable cause, presenting themselves in the form of panic attacks.

A chronic mental health condition where social interactions cause irrational anxiety, fear, self-consciousness, and embarrassment.

A mood disorder causing persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed leading to impairment in daily life functions.

A continuous long-term (chronic) form of depression where one may lose interest in normal daily activities, feel hopeless or have low self-esteem.

A mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest in activities, and difficulty carrying out daily tasks for at least two weeks.

A type of depression that comes and goes with the seasons, typically starting in the late fall and early winter and going away during the spring and summer.

A mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings from high (mania) to low (depression).

A mood state characterized by persistent disinhibition and pervasive elevated (euphoric) or irritable mood but generally less severe than full mania.

A state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect."

Refers to the deliberate, self-inflicted damage of body tissue without suicidal intent and for purposes not socially sanctioned.

A condition wherein a person's identity is fragmented into two or more distinct personality states.

A rare condition in which a person suddenly, without planning or warning, travels far from home or work and leaves behind their past life. They may even assume a new identity.

A disorder characterized by the inability to recall personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature.

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to self-starvation and excessive weight loss.

A severe eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large quantities of food quickly and uncontrollably, without the regular use of compensatory measures to counter the binge eating.

An eating disorder marked by cycles of overeating followed by unhealthy behaviors such as vomiting or using laxatives to rid the body of food.

The physiological processes that control when we feel hungry and when we feel full. It involves a complex interplay of hormones, neural signals, and psychological factors.

Engaging in behaviors such as vomiting or misuse of laxatives to rid the body of food in an unhealthy way.

A mental disorder characterized by an extreme focus on physical symptoms that causes significant distress and/or interferes with daily functioning.

A psychological condition in which a person loses the ability to function normally in some bodily way, not due to any identifiable physical cause but as a response to psychological conflict or stress.

A psychological disorder where a person is excessively worried about having a serious illness despite having no or only mild symptoms.

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event, leading to severe anxiety, nightmares, flashbacks, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event.

Positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity and other challenges in order to rise to a higher level of functioning.

The ability of an individual to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change, especially after experiencing a traumatic event.

A psychologist known for his research on hypnosis and suggestion. He argued against the concept of hypnotic trance states and instead proposed that hypnosis is merely role-playing based on social expectations.

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, or hyperactivity that interfere with functioning or development.

A developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. It includes a wide range of symptoms, skills, and levels of disability.

A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome. It's characterized by physical growth delays, characteristic facial features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability.

Significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem-solving) and adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.

A progressive neurocognitive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die. It's the most common cause of dementia — a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function independently.

A subtype of schizophrenia characterized by sudden onset but potentially good prognosis if treated promptly. Symptoms may include disorganized speech or behavior and any form of hallucination or delusion.

A severe mental disorder characterized by persistent symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, and impaired cognitive ability.

A state of psycho-motor immobility and behavioral abnormality manifested by stupor. It's often associated with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.

A lack of emotional reactivity on the part of an individual. It's characterized by a person's face appearing expressionless or their voice lacking inflection and variability.

Structural or functional irregularities in the brain that deviate from normal development or aging processes.

The amygdala is involved in emotion and survival instincts, particularly fear and aggression. The thalamus is a relay station for sensory information, excluding smell.

The condition where the fluid-filled cavities (ventricles) inside the brain become larger than normal. This can be due to various reasons such as aging, brain atrophy, or certain mental disorders.

A chronic mental condition where a person consistently shows disregard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others.

Characterized by extreme shyness, feelings of inadequacy, and sensitivity to rejection which leads to social isolation.

A mental health disorder characterized by unstable moods, behavior, self-image which impacts relationships, self-image, behavior and functioning.

A mental health condition characterized by an excessive and pervasive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior and fear of separation.

A mental health condition characterized by a pattern of excessive attention-seeking behaviors, usually beginning in early adulthood, including inappropriately seductive behavior and an excessive need for approval.

A mental disorder characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, deep need for admiration, lack of empathy for others, and troubled relationships.

A personality disorder characterized by preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism at the expense of flexibility or efficiency.

A type of personality disorder characterized by extreme distrust and suspicion of others. People with this disorder often interpret other people's actions as threatening or demeaning even when there's no evidence to support their suspicions.

A type of personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, and emotional coldness.

This is a mental health disorder marked by severe social anxiety, thought disorder, paranoid ideation, derealization, transient psychosis, and often unconventional beliefs.

Cluster A: odd or eccentric disorders

Cluster B: dramatic, emotional or erratic disorders

Cluster C: anxious or fearful disorders.