Studied by 4 peopleDifference between a direct democracy and a republic.
Democratic - all people directly vote on laws Republic - elect representatives
What are natural laws?
laws that use reason and intelligence to discover predictable patterns about the world
Religion of the Hebrews
Judaism
Where did the monotheistic religions originate from in the world?
Southwest Asia
What was the most powerful institution in medieval Europe?
Roman Catholic Church
Which 1215 document gave the nobility rights and protection from the kings?
Magna Carta
Where does power come from under the divine right of kings?
God
Who wrote Leviathan and had a negative view of human nature?
Thomas Hobbes
Who believed in separation of powers?
Montesquieu
Is democracy difficult or easy?
difficult
How did the Scientific Revolution change the way we view the world?
A new way of thinking about the world by observing and questioning old beliefs
Order of the steps in the Scientific Revolution
begins with a question or problem from observation
form the hypothesis
test the hypothesis with experiments
study it and accept or reject the hypothesis
What movement stressed reason and logic to solve world problems?
Enlightenment
Which city was the center of the Enlightenment?
Paris, France
What is the social contract?
people hand over their rights to a strong leader to ensure order
Where would philosophers meet to discuss their ideas?
Saloons
What were the accomplishments of Fredrick the Great?
granted religious freedom, reduced censorship, improved education, reform justice system, and abolish torture in Prussia
King of England during the American Revolution
King George III
What are checks and balances?
each branch of government checking the actions of the other two branches of the government
Who is the father of empiricism?
Bacon
Revolution that put Enlightenment ideas into practice.
American Revolution
Body called by King Louis in 1789?
Estates General
What did the Bastille symbolize?
tyranny
What occurred near Varennes in 1792?
the Royal Family was caught escaping and forced to go back to Paris
Who ran France during the Reign of Terror?
Maximilien Robspeirre
How did Napolean come to power?
coup d'etat
Which document created peace between France and the Church?
Concordat of 1801
Which battle cost Napoleon his navy in 1805?
Battle of Trafalgar
Who did Napoleon invade for violating the Continental System in 1812?
Russia
What is the period of time between Napoleon’s return and defeat called?
Hundred Days
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
peace, stability, collective security, restoration of monarchies
What must a ruler have to rule over their people?
legtimacy
What are the legacies of the Congress of Vienna?
diminishing the power and size of France, increasing power of Britain and Prussia, spread of nationalism, rise of revolutions
Which group of colonists was born in Spain?
peninsulares
Who led independence movements across South America?
Creoles; Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin
Political philosophy that gained control after the Revolutions of 1848
Conservatism
What made Prussia the most likely country to unify Germany?
major German population
What are the factors of production?
land, labor, capital, or entrepreneurship
What is an entrepreneur?
a person who organizes, manages, and takes risks of business
Did the industrial revolution have more positive or negative effects?
both
What professions are part of the middle class?
skilled workers, doctors, lawyers, managers, government officials, businessmen, and wealthy farmers
Cheapest source of labor during the industrial revolution.
children and women
Group that were employed in Lowell Mills
Young, single girls
What is mercantilism?
an economic system focused on exports and accumulating wealth
What makes something right or wrong under utilitarianism?
depends if it produces happiness
Who owns the factors of production under socialism?
public
How will communism be implemented?
urban revolution
What event helped fuel the new age of imperialism?
industrial revolution
Did Africa have a lot or few ethnic and linguistic groups?
a lot
Who traced the Congo River?
Henry Stanley
What increased the drive for imperialism?
new markets and raw materials, belief in European superiority, missionaries and others wanting to civilize Africa, technological superiority, ethnic conflict in Africa
Who led the Berlin Conference?
Otto von Bismark
What parts of Africa remained free from colonial rule?
Ethiopia and Liberia
Who were the Boers?
Dutch settlers who set up farms and took African land in Southern Africa
Where did the British place many Boers?
Union of South Africa
How were later waves of imperialism different 19th century imperialism?
before - imperialism exploration did not penetrate deep into continent or fully control people’s lives 19th - demanded more political, social, and economic control over the colonies
What is economic imperialism?
an independent but less developed country controlled by private business interest rather than government
What is a sphere of influence?
an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
Why did France not allow Africans to rule themselves?
believed that they could not rule themselves
What are the three ethnic groups in Nigeria?
Hausa - Fulani (North), Yoruba (Southwest), Igbo (Southeast)
Which nation repelled Italian invasion?
Ethiopia
Who was the emperor of Ethiopia in the 1800s?
Menelik II
How many were killed during the Maji Maji Rebellion?
75,000 Africans
What best describes the effect that imperialism had on Africa?
mostly negative
What were the positive effects of African imperalism?
reduced local warfare, improved sanitation, hospitals, and schools, improved lifespan and literacy rates, economic expansion, railroads, dams, and telephone lines
What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire?
Constantinople (Istanbull)
Which nation wanted access to the Black Sea?
Russia
What factors led to the decline of Ottoman Empire?
factions in government, inflation, corruption, nationalism
What discovery increased interest in Ottomans land after 1900?
discovery of oil
What was the result of Crimean War?
Ottomans won but showed the lack of modernization
Which nation was at the center of the Great Game?
Afghanistan
What dynasty tried to modernize Egypt?
Muhammad Ali
What waterway connects the Red and Mediterranean Seas?
Suez Canal
Who were Sepoys?
Indian soldiers of the British East India Company
What was India like before the Sepoy Mutiny?
ruled by Mughal Empire, small states run by princes, and territory controlled by British East India Company
What industry was suppressed by the British in India?
textile industry, domestic industry
What negative impacts did the British have on India?
held most political power and economic power, restricted Indian-owned industry, loss of self sufficiency, famines, racism
What was the outcome of the Sepoy Mutiny?
Britain took direct control; increased distrust
Father of Modern India
Ram Mohun Ray
Two organizations that were advocating for Indian independence.
Indian National Congress and Muslim League
1905 event that divided up an Indian region
Partition of Bengal
Who controlled Indonesia?
Dutch
Who controlled Indochina?
French
Who controlled the Philippines before and after 1898?
before - Spain after - US
What crops were grown in Southeast Asia?
sugar, coffee, coca, rubber, coconuts, bananas, pinnapples
What place did the Britain use as a trading post?
island of Singapore at the tip of Malay Peninsula
How was Indochina ruled?
direct colonial management; French appointed all government officials and shifted local industries towards exporting rice production
What was the focus of Southeast Asian economy?
cash crops and plantations
What nation was able to remain independent in Southeast Asia?
Siam
Last nation to form imperial empire
US
What territories did the US gain after the Spanish American War?
Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
What territory did US annex 1898?
Hawaii
Who wanted to overthrow the Hawaiian monarchy?
US businessmen
Who is your favorite teacher?
Mr. Bloxham
What type of government did Rome give us?
Republic
Which group was beneficiary of the Magna Carta?
nobility
How did Napoleon rise to prominence?
protecting the national convention
What period of time was France ruled by Jacobins?
Reign of Terror
Where was Napoleon defeated in 1815?
waterloo
What are the two social classes under socialism?
Proletariat and bourgeoisie
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