Chem 7-10

a covalent bond sharing six electrons

A

the distance from one point to the next similar point.

The distance from the origin to the crest or the trough on a wave.

the number of waves to pass in a period of time.

range of all electromagnetic radiation

radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, cosmic rays, gamma rays

packets of light. each frequency carries its own specific amount of energy (quantized).

Equation for energy

Speed of light

speed of light equation

each element when excited will give off light and when refracted it will have its own distinct separate lines of color, each with its own frequency.

wavelength symbol

planks constant symbol

frequency symbol

speed of light symbol

when electrons are in its lowest energy configuration

atoms that have absorbed a specific amount of energy. electrons have been bumped up to upper energy levels and are unstable.

the energy required to remove a mole of electrons from a mole of gas atoms.

we don’t know the momentum or position of a particle.

an area of high probability of finding an electron

quantum numbers (letters)

principal (first) quantum number

the shape of an orbital

sublevels (listed)

shape of a P orbital

shape of s orbital

second quantum number

third quantum number

fourth quantum number

electrons fill one orbital at a time (only two electrons in one orbital) with opposite spin

Hund’s rule exceptions

the procedure of organizing electrons in atoms from the orbital with the highest energy. assumed to be in the ground stateAufbau principle

inner electrons block outer electrons therefore the larger the atom, the more ______

electrons fill one sub level to the next.

electrons in the outer energy level

Cu last two terms of e configuration

last two terms of Cr configuration

electrons that are not in the outer energy level

no 2 electrons can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers.

1/2 the distance between two nuclei of two like atoms in a solid crystal

the attraction that an atom has between a shared pair of electrons and its positive nucleus.

energy change for adding an electron to an atom in a gaseous state

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

4 types of crystal solids

a regular and repeated structure. organized

an electrostatic attraction due to opposite charges

an attraction of positive ions to a sea of electrons

crystal in which thousands of atoms are covalently bonded to each other. giant molecule

solid held together by weak intermolecular forces

electrons in the outer or highest occupied energy level

shows valance electrons as dots

atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have the same configuration as the closest noble gas.

an attraction of a shared pair of valence electrons to the positive nuclei.

a covalent bond sharing two electrons

a covalent bond sharing four electrons

orbitals of electrons, usually in pairs, not shared b/w two atoms

two or more valid electron dot formulas for a single molecule

bonding orbitals that overlap head to head. there is one _____ in either a single, double, or triple bond

bonding orbitals that overlap side by side. occur in double and triple bond

VSEPR acronim meaning

orbitals of electrons, bonding and nonbonding, will move geometrically as far away from each other as possible.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X