Period 7b Vocab - APUSH

keeping jobs open to nonunion workers

voluntarily offering their employees improved benefits and higher wages in order to reduce their interest in organizing unions

captured modernists' simplification of forms while using machine-age materials; many skyscrapers in urban cities made during this era were made in this style

new modes of broadcasting that enabled the American people to listen to the same programs; also provided national exposure to regional cultures

where the movie industry centered (a big business in the 1920s

perfected a system for manufacturing automobiles by means of an assembly line

a young aviator who thrilled the entire world by flying nonstop across the Atlantic from Long Island to Paris

a range of influences, including the changing role of women, the Social Gospel movement, and scientific knowledge, caused large numbers of protestants to define their faith in new ways; historical and critical views of passages in the Bible + accepting Darwin’s theory of evolution w/o abandoning faith

protestant preachers condemned the modernists/taught that every word in the Bible was literal; CREATIONISM; blamed modernists for the decline in morals; mostly rural

bio teacher in TN (where the teaching of Darwin’s theory of evolution was illegal) taught evolution in his class and was arrested+tried; Darrow (Scopes) v. William Jennings Bryan (fundamentalist/expert on the Bible); man was convicted, but then it was overturned; the line between religion and public schooling remained controversial

the federal law enforcing the Prohibition amendment

repealed the 18th amendment (the Prohibition amendment)

directed hostility against the AA, Catholics, Jews, foreigners, and suspected Communists; popular in the Midwest and the South; different films and modern advertising portrayed this group as the heroes during Reconstruction

the popular silent film which portrayed the KKK during Reconstruction as the heroes and the White backlash to the race riots; attracted new members to the Klan

the name given by Gertrude Stein to writers who were disillusioned (scorned religion as hypocritical and condemned the sacrifices of wartime as a fraud perpetrated by money interests)

a society in which mass production and consumption of nationally advertised products come to dictate much of social life and status

a period in which an AA community in NY became famous for its concentration of talented actors, artists, musicians, and writers

a movement, founded by Marcus Garvey, that encouraged those of African descent to return to Africa and their ancestors so that they could have their own empire; get away from the racism and colonize Africa!

black people embracing their culture and ideas

famous lawyer from Chicago that defended Scopes in his trial (religion and education line)

the leader of a Chicago major organized crime gang that fought for control of the lucrative bootlegging trade

GREAT EXAMPLE OF RED SCARE PARANOIA; two Italian immigrants who were convicted in a MA court of committing robbery and murder; liberal artists/intellectuals protested that they were convicted and sentenced to die just because they were poor and anarchists

a novelist during this time period; expressed their disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture; took a life of drinking; This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby

a novelist during this time period; expressed their disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture; expressed unhappiness by going into exile in Europe; The Sun Also Rises

a novelist during this time period; expressed their disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture; It Can’t Happen Here

a novelist during this time period; expressed their disillusionment with the ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a business-oriented culture; The Wasteland

a composer and son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, blending jazz and classical music in his symphonic Rhapsody in Blue and the folk opera Porgy and Bess

Austrian psychiatrist who stressed the role of sexual repression in mental illness; Hallbrights fave person for the psych peeps

a famous poet during the HARLEM RENAISSANCE; commented on AA heritage through views that ranged from bitterness/resentment to joy/hope

an African-American jazz pianist who was popular during the 1920s (the jazz age)

an African-American jazz trumpeter who was popular during the 1920s (the jazz age)

famous African-American blues singer during the Harlem renaissance; “Empress of Blues”

brought UNIA to Harlem from Jamaica; advocated individual/racial pride for AA and developed political ideas of Black nationalism; established an organization for Black separatism, economic self-sufficiency, and a back-to-Africa movement

roman catholic governor of NY that was an opponent of Prohibition; appealed to many immigrant voters in cities; protestants were openly prejudiced against him; was the democratic opponent during the Election of 1928

the day that the US stock market crashed; millions of panicky investors ordered their brokers to sell, but no buyers could be found

the list that showed the 30 largest US companies' stocks

a process by which people would speculate the price of stocks that would go up and that they could sell it for a quick profit; allowed people to borrow most of the cost of the stock, making down payments as low as 10 percent → people relied on a stock increasing to pay the loan

a rapid and often unanticipated drop in stock prices; the one in 1929 was the start of the Great Depression

the value of all the goods and services produced by the nation in one year

set tax increases ranging from 31-49 percent on foreign imports; hurt economies around the world because of other tariffs against US imports

a suspension of the payment of international debts to steady the economy; the international econ suffered from massive load defaults and banks on both sides of the Atlantic scrambled to meet the demands of the many depositors withdrawing their money

a board authorized to help farmers stabilize prices by temporarily holding surplus grain/cotton in storage; created before the market crash but was realized to be a useful asset during the crash; too modest to handle the continued OP

a federally funded, gov. owned, corp that was created by congress as a measure for propping up faltering railroads, banks, life insurance companies, and other financial institutions; an attempt by the fed gov to become more active in financial markets; to STABILIZE KEY BUSINESSES

a thousand unemployed WWI vets marched to Washington DC to demand immediate payment of the bonuses promised them at a later date; later set up improvised shacks near the Capitol; after two men died from a clash with the police, MacArthur used tanks of tear gas to destroy the shantytown and drive the vets from Washington → hoover=heartless

FDR’s policies that were aimed to solve the problems of the Great Depression; serve the three R’s

relief for the people out of work, recovery for business/economy, and reform of American economic institutions

the calling of the Congress that occurred right after the inauguration of FDR; Congress passed into law every request of President Roosevelt, enacting more major legislation than any single Congress in history.

the day when all remaining banks were closed to allow enough time for the gov to reorganize them on a sound basis; lasted for 6 days

FDR’s use of the radio to assure the listeners that banks were safe; used this medium to communicate to the people about the issues with the economy

declared the NRA unconstitutional; the decision encouraged Roosevelt to consider ways to change the makeup of the court

created to regulate the stock market and to place strict limits on the kind of speculative practices that had led to the wall street crash; also required full audits of and financial disclosure by, corporations to PROTECT INVESTORS FROM FRAUD AND INSIDER TRADING

a political group that supported the Democrats; NAMED AFTER FDRS NEW PROGRAMS to recover from the depression

a backsliding of the economy that occurred in the winter of 1937 after the gradual fixing of the Depression; economic advisers adopted new theories in 1938 that helped fix this issue, yet overall the belief in FDR + the New Deal was weakened

a proposal created by FDR for the president to be able to add additional justices into the court for each justice that was older than a certain age; would allow Roosevelt to have 6 more justices in the Court → more liberal persuasion

A New Deal-era labor organization that broke away from the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in order to organize unskilled industrial workers regardless of their particular economic sector or craft

established several regulations on businesses in interstate commerce; minimum wage, max standard workweek + overpay, and child labor restrictions

the lowest amount a worker could legally get paid; initially 40 cents an hour

a severe drought in the early 1930s ruined crops in the Great Plains and transformed this region into this; result of poor farming practices and high winds that blew away millions of tons of dried topsoil