Physics

Measure of the average kinetic energy (KE) of molecules of an object, indicating how "hot" the object is.

Total kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) of the molecules in an object, transferred from one body to another due to a difference in temperature.

Total amount of KE and PE of all the particles in the system.

Amount of heat needed to change the temperature of an object by a degree, measured in joules per degree Celsius (J/Kg.C).

C = mc, where C is the heat capacity, m is the mass, and c is the specific heat in J/Kg.C.

The amount of heat needed to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree.

The amount of thermal energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid or vice versa.

The amount of thermal energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance from liquid to gas or vice versa.

The transfer of heat through a diffusive process wherein molecules transmit their kinetic energy to other molecules by colliding with them.

The transfer of heat associated with the motion of the medium, such as when a hot material flows into a cold material.

The transfer of heat via electromagnetic radiation, such as the radiation from the Sun.

The law stating that the internal energy of a system is affected by the heat it absorbs (or releases) and the work done by the system or work done on the system.

The transfer of energy resulting in a change in the state of a system.

Device converting heat energy into continuous mechanical work.

Total thermal energy change equals work done and heat added.

Q = mcΔT, calculating heat added or removed.

J = 4.186 J/cal, relating mechanical energy to heat.

Gas compression/expansion without heat exchange.

Measure of how well an engine converts heat to work.

Eff = (QH - QC) / QH x 100%, for Carnot engines.

Total entropy of a closed system increases over time.

Device transferring heat from a colder to a warmer space.