Studied by 4 peopleInformation
collection of facts organised so they have additional value beyond the facts themselves
Knowledge
awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision
Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)
is an organised collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices.
Explicit Knowledge
is objective, can be measured and documented in reports, papers, and rulers
Tacit Knowledge
hard to measure and document, typically not objective or formalised
Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO)
top-level executive who helps the organisation use a KMS to create, store, and use knowledge to achieve organisational goals
Data workers
secretaries, administrative assistants, bookkeepers
Knowledge workers
create, use, and disseminate knowledge
Communities of Practice (COP)
group of people dedicated to a common discipline or practice. May be used to create, store, and share knowledge
Knowledge repository
includes documents, reports, files and databases
Knowledge map
directory that points the knowledge worker to the needed knowledge
Effective KMS
is based on learning new knowledge and changing procedure and approaches as a result
Artificial Intelligence
computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human brain
Artificial intelligence systems
include the people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate characteristics of human intelligence
Turing Test
determines whether responses from a computer with high intelligence are distinguishable from a human being
Brain computer interface (BCI)
idea is to directly connect the human brain to a computer and have thought control computer activities
Expert systems
hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences, similar to human expert
Robotics
mechanical devices that can perform tasks that require a high degree of precision
Contemporary robotics
combine both high precision machine capabilities and sophisticated controlling software
Vision Systems
Hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures Effective at identifying people based on facial features
Natural language processing
processing that allows the computer to understand and react to statements and commands made in a “natural” language
Voice recognition
converting sound waves into words
Learning systems
combination of software and hardware that allows the computer to change how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback it receives
Learning systems software
requires feedback on results of actions or decisions
Neural Networks
computer system that simulates functioning of a human brain Can process many pieces of data at the same time
Neural network program
helps engineers slow or speed drilling operations to help increase accuracy/reduce costs
Genetic Algorithm
approach to solving complex problems in which a number of related operations or models change and evolve until the best one emerges
Intelligent Agent
programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, process, or another program
Computerised expert systems
systems that use heuristics (techniques) to arrive at conclusions or make suggestions
Knowledge base
stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationship used by expert system Created by using rules and cases
Inference Engine
seeks information and relationships from the knowledge base Provides answers, predictions, and suggestions like a human expert
Explanation Facility
allows user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results
Knowledge Acquisition facility
provides convenient and efficient means of capturing and string all components of knowledge base
Knowledge acquisition software
Can present users and decision makers with easy to use menus
User Interface
permits decision makers to develop and use their own expert systems
Main purpose: to make development and use of an expert system easier for users and decision makers
Domain Expert
person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert system is trying to capture
Knowledge engineer
person who has training in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system
Knowledge user
person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system
(Multimedia and VR) Virtual reality system
enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment
(Multimedia and VR) Immersive virtual reality
user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, 3D world that is completely generated by a computer
(interface devices) Haptic interface
relays sense of touch and other sensations in a virtual world Most challenging to create
(specialised system) Game theory
uses information systems to develop competitive strategies for people, organisations, or even countries
(specialised systems) Informatics
combines traditional disciplines, such as science and medicine, with computer systems and technology
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