Psychological Disorders

marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

marked by uncontrollable

disorder marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction and by rigidly fixed interests and repetitive behaviors

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant woman’s heavy drinking; alcohol has epigenetic effect (leaves chemical marks on DNA that switch genes abnormally on/off)

mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders - caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic

persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

littering one’s space with acquired possessions one can’t let go

preoccupation with perceived body defects

hair pulling

excessive skin picking

traumatic brain injury

characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

have dependency on another person, unable to do things when separated

condition where a person experiences extreme or inappropriate emotions

person experiences two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure

mildly depressed mood more often than not for two years or more (less severe than MDD)

person experiences depression but only during certain times of the year (usually during winter - less sunlight)

person alternates between a stable state and a longer manic state

person alternates between a stable state, manic state, and depressive state

compulsive fretting, overthinking problems and their causes

marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

form of schizophrenia in which symptoms appear by late adolescence or early adulthood (as people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten)

form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age; frequency occurs in response to a traumatic event

symptoms take somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

person experiences very specific, physical symptoms that are not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions

person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly called hypochondriasis)

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

sudden loss of memory or change in identity, often in response to overwhelmingly stressful situation

person cannot remember things but no physiological basis for the disruption in memory can be identified

person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder)

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning - 3 clusters (A: eccentric/odd behaviors, B: dramatic/impulsive behaviors, C: anxiety)

eccentric/odd behaviors - paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

dramatic/impulsive behaviors - antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

anxiety - avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

person exhibits lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members (antisocial means disruptive)

rely too much on attention and help of others; cannot function without another person

feel constantly paranoid, persecuted

see themselves as the center of the universe; excessive egocentrism and self-love/obsession

exhibit overly dramatic behaviors (histrionics)

may be overly concerned with certain thoughts and performing certain behaviors, but will not be debilitated to the same extent that someone with OCD would

inappropriate emotional reactions and perceptions of the world

does not want to put themselves in a situation of embarrassment, criticism, or critique

eccentric thought, behavior, and speech

detachment from emotion and relationships

eating disorder in which people starve themselves to below 85% of their normal body weight and refuse to eat

eating disorder in which people eat large amounts of food in a short period of time (binging) and then get rid of the food (purging) by vomiting, exercising excessively, or using laxatives

significant binge eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without compensatory behavior

continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption/physical risk

alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and drive to continue problematic use

recurring problems in falling/staying asleep

uncontrollable sleep attacks

temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

high arousal and appearance of being terrified

doing normal waking activities while asleep

marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and their assigned gender

cannot recall important personal information (usually trauma/stress related) that would not typically be lost with ordinary forgetting

acquired disorder marked by cognitive deficits

NCD - an overall decline in memory and other cognitive skills severe enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities

NCD - marked by neural plaques and progressive decline in memory/cognitive abilities

a chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B-1) - usually from severe alcohol use