Unit 5: Hereditary (copy)

________: Sometimes youll see an equal expression of both alleles.

Sexual reproduction in eukaryotes involving gamete formation—including _________________—serves to increase variation

A(n) ________ with one color blind- X is called a carrier.

________ involves two sets of chromosomes that come together to form a tetrad (a bivalent)

________ are influenced by one or more of your genes.

If a cell has only one set of chromosomes, we call it a(n) ________ cell.

A parent will contribute a gamete with one set that will be paired with the set from the other parent to produce a(n) ________ cell, or zygote.

The mitochondria are always provided by the egg during ________, so mitochondrial inheritance is always through the maternal line, not the male line.

A(n) ________ has one X and one Y chromosome.

The purpose of the ________ is to separate sister chromatids.

________: In some cases, a trait results from the interaction of many genes.

________ are used to predict the results of a cross.

In plants the mitochondria are provided by the ________ and are maternally inherited.

________ is limited to sex cells in special sex organs called gonads.

________ produces only one ovum, not four.

A(n) ________ that has two sets of chromosomes is a diploid ________.

Since ________ are found on the same chromosome, they can not segregate independently.

During ________, four sperm cells are produced for each diploid cell.

________ can occur in** anaphase I** (meaning chromosomes dont separate when they should), or in anaphase II (meaning chromatids dont separate)

________ contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.

________: Apart from the genetic material held in the nucleus, there is also genetic material in the mitochondria.

________ failed to separate properly during meiosis.

________ organisms usually have two copies of each gene, one on each homologous chromosome.

At telophase ________, a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and a total of four haploid cells are produced.

During ________, chromatids of each chromosome split at the centromere, and each chromatid is pulled to opposite ends of the cell.

If ________ are produced, then meiosis is called spermatogenesis.

________ are the same size and shape, and contain the same genes.

A(n) ________ occurs when two individuals are crossed and one gene is being studied.

________ occurs if two individuals with the same genotype have different phenotypes since they are in different environments.

If a(n) ________ has two different alleles for a given trait, the ________ is heterozygous.

Individuals with Down syndrome have three- instead of two- copies of the 21st ________.

________ are haploid.

In ________, chromosomes move toward the metaphase plate.

When an organism has two identical alleles for a given trait, the organism is _________.

________ is followed by crossing- over, the exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes.

In males, the gonads are the testes, while in ________ they are the ovaries.

________ is also known as gametogenesis.

The ________ that make up each pair are similar in size and shape and contain the same genes in the same locations.

A(n) ________ has two X chromosomes.

________ is the production of gametes.

________ are two copies or versions of the same chromosome in a diploid cell or organism.

________ is likely to produce sorts of variations than is mitosis, which therefore confers selective advantage on sexually reproducing organisms.

________ actually involves two rounds of cell division: meiosis I and ________ II.

the Law of Dominance, the Law of Segregation, and the Law of Independent Assortment

One trait masks the effects of another trait

Each gamete gets only one of the copies of each gene

Each pair of homologous chromosomes splits independently, so the alleles of different genes can mix and match

linked traits are found on the X chromosome and are more properly referred to as "X-linked."

Sometimes youll see an equal expression of both alleles

In some cases, a trait results from the interaction of many genes

Apart from the genetic material held in the nucleus, there is also genetic material in the mitochondria

results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I

Separation of the homologous chromosomes in meiosis I ensures that each gamete receives a ______ set of chromosomes that comprises both maternal and paternal chromosomes

During meiosis I, homologous chromatids exchange genetic material via a process called “_______” (recombination), which increases genetic diversity among the resultant gametes.

________ are conserved across all currently recognized domains

_______ involves the fusion of two haploid gametes, restoring the diploid number of chromosomes and increasing genetic variation in populations by creating new combinations of alleles in the zygote

Major features of the ______ are shared by all modern living systems

genetically linked

map distance