Apush period 3 terms

british colonists vs coureurs du bois+native allies

led to british getting much french land

started by an ear, brits vs spaniards+french(merged with king georges war, austrian sucession issue)

final war in the series of wars between France and Great Britian. began in 1754 and ended in 1763. at first went badly for the British. the retaking of Louisbourg in 1758, the surrender of Quebec in 1759, & the taking of Montreal in 1760 led to a peace treaty between the two countries. was a turning point in the military & diplomatic conflict in North America

significant british vs french engagement

an agreement adopted by seven colonies to provide an inter-colonial government, a system for recruiting troops, and collecting taxes from colonies. each colony was concerned with themselves and it never took effect. set the precedent for revolutionary congresses in the 1770s

an attack led by Chief Pontiac on colonial settlements in 1763. led to destroyed forts and settlements from New York to Virginia. the British sent regular British troops to put down the uprising (which costed them money)

prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. colonists reacted with anger and defiance

a peace treaty between Great Britain and France that ended the Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War). Great Britain acquired French Canada & Spanish Florida. France ceded their territory west of the Mississippi River (Louisiana) to Spain. this helped Great Britain extend their control over North America.

British inconsistency with tax collection and enforcement

defined a just society as place where citizens relinquish shelfish interests to common good

depended on virtue of citizens

opposed to hierarchical and authoritarian systems

british colonial commentator

feared threat to liberty of parliament reps posed by monarchy

economic theory- more gold and silver=more power

countries needed to export more than they import

a country possessing colonies was an advantage, they could give raw materials and markets for exports

colonists had to house and feed british troops

meant to raise $$ for new army

put stamps on trade items, commercial and legal docs,

(admirality courts: no juries, defendants guilty until proven innocent)

raised tax revenue in colonies, increased duty on foreign sugar from west indies. also provided for stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts to stop smuggling.

(admirality courts: no juries, defendants guilty until proven innocent)

a meeting held in New York in which representatives from the nine colonies met to resolve that only their elected representatives had the legal authority to approve taxes

asked king and parliament to end stamp act

asserted that Parliament has the right to tax and make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”. would soon lead to renewed conflict between the colonists and the British government

new duties to be collected on colonial imports of tea, glass, and paper. the revenue was to be used to pay crown officials in the colonies, making the officials independent of the colonial assemblies that paid for their salaries. also provided the search of private homes without a writ of assistance

initiated by Samuel Adams in 1772. Adams began the practice of organizing committees that would regularly exchange letters about suspicious or potentially threatening British activities in Boston & other Massachusetts

a series of four laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party

organized the Canadian land gained from France. established Roman Catholicism as the official religion in Quebec, set up a government without representation assembly, and extended Quebec’s boundary to the Ohio River. the colonists viewed this as an attack because it took land away from New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. they also feared that the government would enact similar laws

in Philadelphia in 1774. was organized to respond to what the delegates viewed as Britain’s alarming threats to their liberties

A document produced by the Continental Congress in 1775 that called for a complete boycott of British goods. This included non-importation, non-exportation and non-consumption. It was the closest approach to a written constitution yet from the colonies.

marked the start of the American War of Independence. persuaded many Americans to take up arms and support the cause of independence. British lost

the location of the 1777-1778 winter encampment of the Continental Army under general George Washington during the American Revolutionary War. Cold, starving, disease

in Philadelphia 1775. was divided. many from the New England colonies thought that the colonies should declare their independence. many from the Middle colonies hoped the conflict could be resolved by negotiating a new relationship with Great Britain

bloody fighting took place throughout a hilly landscape of fenced pastures that were situated across the Charles River from Boston. British lost

a petition send to King George III in which they pledged their loyalty and asked the king to intercede with Parliament to secure peace and the protection of colonial rights

argued that the colonists should free themselves from British rule and establish an independent government based on Enlightenment ideals - one that would protect man's natural rights.

goals were to rally the troops, win foreign allies, and announce the creation of a new country. The introductory sentence states the Declaration's main purpose, to explain the colonists' right to revolution

pro-British loyalists who maintained allegiance to the king

anti-British who had a strong commitment to independence

ams were outnumbered, washington made smart maneuvers, and won, when washington crossed delaware

washington captured 1000 hessians

persuaded France to join the war against Britain, revived americans spirits from the victory in the end,

to guide americans visiting french court

basically eu countries united in anti britain

last major battle of the Revolutionary War. forced surrender of a large British army commanded by General Charles Cornwallis

a peace treaty negotiated between the United States and Great Britain that officially ended the Revolutionary War and recognized the independence of the thirteen states

Parliament declared that the colonies were in rebellion. a few months later, they forbade all trade and shipping between Britain and the colonies

a way to intentionally create a weak form of central government that was written by the Second Continental Congress during the Revolutionary War

A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.

Congress established a policy for surveying and selling the western lands

e 1785 ordinance laid the foundations of land policy until passage of the Homestead Act of 1862.

chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory.

Congress passed an ordinance that set rules for creating new states. granted limited self-government to the developing territory and prohibited slavery in the region

Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes on both individuals and their trades.

set the stage for George Washington's return to political life and highlighted weaknesses inherent within the Articles of Confederation.

each state would be represented by a number of legislators determined by the population of free inhabitants

outlined a strong national government with three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

each state to have one vote in Congress instead of the number of votes being based on population. This was to protect the equality of the states regardless of population size.

an agreement made among the delegates to the Constitutional Convention that the American government would have two houses in Congress: the Senate where each state has two Senators, and the House of Representatives where each state has a number of Representatives based on population.

provided a dual system of congressional representation. In the House of Representatives each state would be assigned a number of seats in proportion to its population.

Common Law. Law is made through judicial decisions and legislative statutes

Civil Law. Law is made through legislation alone.

each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation.

granted disproportionate political power to Southern slave states

highly persuasive essays written by Madison, Hamilton, Jay. presented valid reasons for believing in the practicality of each major provision of the Constitution

originally designed as propaganda to urge the ratification of the Constitution. It also influenced Anti-Federalists to favor the Federalist party for it addressed all their oppositions.

called for educating women so that in the home they could teach their children the values of the new republic and their roles of citizens. gave women an active role in shaping the new nation’s political life

met between May and September of 1787 to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation

established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices

passed to establish the federal court system in the United States, including the Supreme Court, the lower courts, and the circuit court

It clarified the roles and powers of the federal courts and established the office of the attorney general of the United States

the ten amendments ratified by the states 1791. protect against abuses by the central (or federal) government

the legislature of the federal government of the United States. it’s bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate

provided a bicameral Congress. in the Senate, states would have equal representation. in the House of Representatives, each state would be represented according to the size of its population

the upper chamber of the United States Congress. equal amount of representation

the lower chamber of the United States Congress. representation based on population

allowed Congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, including placing tariffs on foreign imports, but it prohibited placing taxes on any exports

instituted because the delegates feared that too much democracy might lead to mob rule. decides who will be elected president and vice president of the United States

may be proposed by a two-thirds vote of both Houses of Congress, or, if two-thirds of the States request one, by a convention called for that purpose

Hamilton called on Congress to set up a national bank. the government deposited money from taxes in the national bank, the national bank issued paper money to pay the government's bills and to make loans to farmers and businesses. federalists believed that it could prevent abuses in banking, but anti-federalists thought it would have too much power.

government units under the direct President supervision

the highest Federal court, possessing final appellate jurisdiction and exercising supervisory jurisdiction over the lower courts

courts of limited jurisdiction, meaning they can only hear cases authorized by the United States Constitution or federal statutes

the time that was dominated largely by Federalist policies

supported Hamilton and his financial program

supported Jefferson and tried to elect candidates in different states who opposed Hamilton’s program

organised groups of people with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office

tradition started by Washington that two terms (8 years) was enough time in office. but wasn’t in the Constitution until 1940 when FDR started his third term

since Washington believed that the United States was too young of a nation to get involved in European wars. Washington declared the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain

the Indians signed the Treaty of Greenville in 1795, which ceded strategic areas, including Detroit, and control of most of the river crossings in the Old Northwest Territory to the United States. this guaranteed U.S. domination over the Indian tribes

aimed to end the hostilities that had engulfed the Great Lakes. was an imperfect agreement not agreed upon by all the tribes, but it ended violence at least temporarily, and established Indian lands

unpopular with the American public but did accomplish the goal of maintaining peace between the two nations and preserving U.S. neutrality. some thought that the treaty gave too many concessions to the British and weakened American trade rights

Spain ceded its claim to the land above the 31st degree latitude & west to the Mississippi River and allowed Americans to transfer cargoes in New Orleans without paying duties to the Spanish

urged/warned future presidents and citizens to not get involved in European affairs, don’t make “permanent alliances” in foreign affairs, don’t form political parties, and don’t fall into sectionalism

a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War

passed by federalists to stifle dissent

• Alien Act → granted government authority to deport immigrants suspected of being a threat to the nation

  • Sedition Act → illegal for publications to falsely criticize the president or Congress

argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated rights guaranteed by the 1st amendment. democratic-republican leaders challenged the legislation by enacting nullifying laws in their own state legislature. declared that the states had entered into a “compact” in forming the national government, so a state could nullify federal law

established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal land at moderate prices. added new states to the Union

placed the government in control of all legal actions with Native Americans. was largely ignored by the traders and settlers migrating westward

lasted from 1789 until 1799. precipitated a series of European wars, forcing the United States to articulate a clear policy of neutrality in order to avoid being embroiled in these European conflicts