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1861-1865
Civil War
Bloodiest American war
Broken and Reunified
Emancipation Proclamation
1862
Battle of Antietam
Allows the Emancipation Proclamation to be released
Made it an abolitionist war
1863
Battle of Gettysburg
Turning point in the Civil War
South is now on the defensive
Turning point of sectionalism to nationalism
April 15, 1865
Lincoln’s Assassination
1st presidential assassination
Johnson becomes president
1865
13th Amendment
Abolishes slavery - except as punishment for a crime
1868
14th Amendment
Defines citizenship and protects citizens’ civil rights
1870
15th Amendment
Universal male suffrage
1877
Compromise of 1877
Ends Reconstruction
1886
Haymarket Square Riot
Major workers’ rights riot
Led to violence and was considered a setback for the organized labor movement
1887
Dawes Act
Authorized president to break of reservation land
Further destroyed Native Americans’ way of life
1890
Sherman Antitrust Act
Banned businesses from colluding or merging to form monopolies
Some of the first legislation passed to limit big business
1890
Massacre at Wounded Knee
Lakota men, women, and children slaughtered
Marked the end of Native resistance to the encroachment of white settlers
1894
Pullman Strike
Resistance against big business
Ended by the federal government because it interfered with mail delivery
1896
Plessy V. Ferguson
Upheld “separate but equal” ideology between whites and people of color
1898
Spanish-American War
America asserts itself as an imperialist world power
Annexation of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines
1906
Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food & Drug Act
Made food more reliably safe
Progressive movement (for the people, not the businesses)
1909
NAACP Founded (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
Actively worked to end segregation and Jim Crow laws
Gave a voice to colored people
1917
United States Enters World War I
U.S becomes the global power by the end of the war
Rise in innovation and technology
1919
18th Amendment (Prohibition)
Success of progressive movement
Women had influence over the government
Summer of 1919
Red Summer
Steep rise in racial violence and tensions
Whites push back against Black rights
1919-1920
First Red Scare
Fear of socialism, anarchy, foreign immigration, etc.