Studied by 1 personmigration
Homing and ________ arise from internal factors.
towards stimulus
positive taxis
away from stimulus
negative taxis
Movement towards light
positive phototaxis
Movement away from light
negative phototaxis
photo-
light
thermo-
temperature
geo-
gravity
chemo-
chemical
thigmo-
touch
hydro-
water
rheo-
current
tropho-
food
significance of orientation responses
Helps keep organism in favourable conditions + survive
taxis
Innate movement response toward or away from a directional stimulus.
kinesis/kineses
Innate movement response to external non-directional stimulus
orthokinesis
The speed of an animal is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus causing the movement
klinokinesis
Orientation response in which the strength of the stimulus determines the rate of turning
taxis and kinesis
Simple, random responses that can maintain a mobile organism in a favourable environment over short distances
homing
The ability of an animal to find its way home over unfamiliar territory
purpose of homing
daily process of returning home after looking for food and foraging so that they don't get lost
topographical memory
navigation system using visual cues like landmarks, seas, rivers, mountains etc
magnetic navigation
utilising Earth's magnetic field to navigate
stellar navigation
navigation at night using a 'star compass' by orientating to star patterns such as the constellations
solar navigation
using the Sun as a compass as it moves across the sky from east to west during the day. By maintaining a set angle with the sun, the animal is able to move in a straight line
sonar (sound navigation and ranging)
a system that uses acoustic signals and echo returns to determine the location of objects or to communicate
chemical scent navigation
navigation using familiar scents and smells
migration
innate behaviour involving mass movement (usually annually or seasonal basis) over long distances to a predetermined locaiton
cyclical migration
migration that has a closed route repeated annually or seasonally; ie. migrants eventually return to origin
one way migration
migration that involves leaving the home range for a new location and never returning to the original home range eg. migrants die at the end of migration
photoperiod - length of day/daylight
external migration cue
shifting seasons (ie. temperature changes or precipitation levels change)
external migration cue
food and water availability
external migration cue
circadian rhythm - internal calendar in animal's nervous system; innate
internal migration cue
fat reserves
internal migration cue; may cue when fat reserve low in order to find food to build it up again
sexual maturity
innate migration cue; may trigger desire to migrate to breeding grounds
feeding lots to build fat reserve
migration preparation
changing feathers to suit flight
migration prep
getting lost
migration disadvantage
dying before completing energy (ie. fat reserve run out => no energy)
migration disadvantage
bad weather
migration disadvantage
warmer weather
migration advantage
more food, water and resources
migration advantage
better breeding environment
migration advantage
Note
Flashcard