15: Therapies 

________: Medications that combat bipolar disorder by leveling mood swings.

Any psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a persons personality, behavior, or adjustment

Freudian approach to psychotherapy emphasizing exploration of the unconscious using free association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscious conflicts

The psychoanalytic technique of encouraging a patient to say whatever comes to mind without censoring

Blockage in the flow of free association around topics the client avoids thinking or talking about

The tendency of patients to transfer to a therapist feelings that correspond to those the patient had for important persons in his or her past

Any therapy that stresses the importance of understanding the origins of a psychological disorder, usually unresolved unconscious conflicts

Any therapy that stresses directly changing troublesome thoughts and/or behaviors without regard for their origins, unconscious or otherwise

Any therapy that stresses the need for the therapist to lead the patient toward a resolution of his or her psychological distress

Any therapy in which the therapist supports the client while the client gains insight into his or her own problems and their resolution

Psychological treatment involving several unrelated clients

A therapy in which clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others who play supporting roles

Taking the role of another person to learn how ones own behavior appears from the other persons perspective

Observing another person reenact ones own behavior appears from the other persons perspective

Treatment of a group of related individuals that focuses on interpersonal dynamics and communication

A caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client in working to solve the clients problems

A therapist who has the awareness, knowledge, and skills necessary to treat clients from diverse cultural backgrounds

Improvement of symptoms due to the mere passage of time

Improvement caused not by the actual process of therapy but by a clients expectation that therapy will help

Any therapy designed to actively change behavior

The application of learning principles to change human behavior, especially maladaptive behavior

Treatment to reduce unwanted behavior by pairing it with an unpleasant stimulus

Alleviating fears and phobias (conditioned emotional responses) by using classical conditioning extinction

A form of exposure therapy in which clients are exposed to the object of their fears beginning with examples that provoke the most extreme responses

A reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion brought about by planned exposure that provoke the most extreme responses

The presence of one emotional state can inhibit the occurrence of another, such as joy preventing fear or anxiety inhibiting pleasure

A procedure for systematically achieving deep relaxation of the body

A list of fears, arranged from least fearful to most fearful, for use in systematic desensitization

Use of computer-generated images to present fear stimuli while responding to a viewers head movements and other input

A form of exposure therapy in which clients observe models displaying adaptive behavior toward their feared object

Behavior modification in which desired behaviors earn objects that can be exchanged for positive reinforcers

Treatment of emotional and behavioral problems by changing maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and feeling

Perceiving only certain stimuli among a larger array of possibilities

Blowing a single event out of proportion by extending it to a large number of unrelated situations

Classifying objects or events as absolutely right or wrong, good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable, and so forth

Any therapy that combines elements of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy

Type of treatment designed to identify and change self-defeating thoughts

The use of aversive stimuli to interrupt or prevent upsetting thoughts

Insight-oriented therapies that help clients better understand themselves with the goal of maximizing their potential

Individual being treated talks without direction, judgement, or interpretation from the therapist

Complete, unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is

A capacity for taking anothers point of view; the ability to feel what another is feeling

In Carl Rogerss terms, the ability of a therapist to be genuine and honest about his or her own feelings

In client-centered therapy, the process of rephrasing or repeating thoughts and feelings expressed by clients so that they can become aware of what they are saying

An insight therapy that focuses on the elemental problems of existence, such as death, meaning, choice, and responsibility; emphasizes making courageous life choices

An approach that focuses on immediate experience and awareness to help clients rebuild thinking, feeling, and acting into connected wholes; emphasizes the integration of fragmented experiences

The use of drugs to treat psychopathology

Medications that may alleviate hallucinations and delusional thinking associated with mental disorders

Medications that produce relaxation or reduce anxiety

Medications that combat depression by affecting the levels or activity of neurotransmitters

Medications that combat bipolar disorder by leveling mood swings

Medications used to calm attention deficit hyperactivity disorder even though they arouse the nervous system

Treatment for severe depression in which electrical current is applied to the brain, causing a seizure

Electrical stimulation of precisely targeted brain regions; a surgical procedure is necessary to implant electrodes in the brain that allow for the stimulation

A device that uses magnetic pulses to temporarily block activity in specific parts of the brain

Any surgical alteration of the brain designed to bring about desirable behavioral or emotional changes

Placing a person in a protected, therapeutic environment staffed by mental health professionals

The reduced use of full-time commitment to mental institutions to treat mental disorders

A community-based facility for individuals making the transition from an institution (mental hospital, prison, and so forth) to independent living

A facility offering a wide range of mental health services, such as prevention, counseling, consultation, and crisis intervention

The skilled management of a psychological emergency

An individual who works in a near-professional capacity under the supervision of a more highly trained person

Any bodily therapy, such as drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or psychosurgery

A nonprofessional person who has learned basic counseling skills

A group of people who share a particular type of problem and provide mutual support to one another

selective perception, overgeneralization, and all-or-nothing thinking

being an active listener, reflecting the persons thoughts and feelings, welcoming silence, asking open-ended questions clarifying problems, focusing on feelings, avoiding advice, accepting their frame of reference, and maintaining their confidence