Protein

________ has been increasing, especially in developing countries.

________ can be harmful if your body is low in plant foods (fiber), vitamins, phytochemicals.

________ generally consume more than they need to maintain health.

complex molecules made from smaller units called amino acids.

________ and maintains body functions.

the amount of a nutrient you need to meet your basic nutritional requirements.

________ with a branching carbon backbone include: leucine, isoleucine, and valine; all are essential amino acids.

are often low in one or more of the 9 essential amino acids.

contain ample amounts of all 9 essential amino acids.

________ and plant proteins can differ greatly in proportions of essential and nonessential amino acids.

may increase calcium loss in the urine.

leucine, isoleucine, and valine; all are essential amino acids

a substance used to enhance physical performance beyond the gains obtained from physical training alone

low in or lack one or more essential amino acids, all-or-none principle in protein synthesis

nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

generally contains all 9 essential amino acids

Carboxyl group, amino group, hydrogen and a side chain or R group

Be able to calculate .8grams per kilogram body weight

C, H, N, O

20

The amino acid in an incomplete protein is in inadequate amounts.

Combining two incomplete protein sources that provide the limiting amino acids in the other thereby making a complete protein

R group, defines which AA it is

Bond between AA (between carboxyl and amino group)

Strands of aa-joined by peptide bond

Chemical attractions between the side groups of AA-results in bending/folding of the strand

1 AA strand interacting. Establishes chemical bond between 2 or more strands to form a larger protein

Breaking the chemical attraction between strands and w/in the strand

Breaks the electrical charges the chains straighten out. Lose their 3D shape and interactions to other strands of A.

Connective tissue made from protein

Defensive proteins that the body manufactures to destroy foreign invaders. (viruses, bacteria, allergens)