HN&F Exam 3

the amount of energy required to maintain the body of an individual in a resting state 50-65% total energy expenditure

25-50% total energy expenditure most variable and readily changed

the total energy expenditure for digestion, absorption, and processing of ingested nutrients

measure of relative weight for height

18.5-24.9

<18.5

25-<30

30

central/abdominal obesity significantly contributes to heart disease and type 2 diabetes

distribution causes an android/apple shape

distribution causes a gynoid/pear shape

amount of energy in food or beverages can be estimated using nutrient databases or software originally derived directly from bomb calorimeters

building up of body compounds ex: the making of glycogen

breaking down of body compounds ex: breaking down glucose into energy

high-energy compound that powers all activities in living cells mostly produced in the mitochondria

the process in which glucose is broken down into energy catabolic reaction end product=pyruvate

is used primarily when total calorie or carb intake is low excess dietary protein (amino acids) is converted to acetyl-CoA (co-enzyme A) and is it used as energy or stored as triglycerides

1.2-2.0 gram per kilogram of bodyweight

used immediately to provide glucose to the brain when in starvation mode

process of making glucose from non-carbohydrate sources used once glycogen stores are depleted in starvation mode

energy intake exceeds energy expenditure results in weight gain fat cells increase in size and number

energy intake is less than energy expenditure results in weight loss fat cells decrease in size but NOT number

1 lb of fat= 3,500 kcal

protein that acts as a hormone secreted in the stomach increases feelings of hunger

sustainable weight loss strategies promote: planned healthful eating patterns physical activity cognitive skills surgeries are not always successful

what is a safe rate of weight loss per week?

how many kcals does someone have to eat to lose 1 pound per week in a deficit

often caused by a combination of physical inactivity and overeating assessed using BMI, waist circumference, and body composition

most common: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder

characterized by extreme weight loss, distorted body image, and irrational morbid fear of obesity

binge eating following by attempts to purge excess energy vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, and excessive exercise

consumption of large amounts of food in one sitting without purging/ compensation for consumption

also an eating disorder specific for atheletes, unsuitable weight standards concerns about how they look visually

comprehensive approach using many professionals is the best way to treat an...

when PA begins first source of fuel is muscle stores of ATP we use fats and CHO as the major fuel source lower intensity, we use fat

in muscles, increase in size because of use

healthy diet includes nutrient dense foods protein needed for after activity due to synthesis iron is a great concern for athletes often do not consume enough CHO fat intake normal just as general population needs supplements will not improve a well nourished athlete

snacks to eat post exercise: smoothie with PB and fruit, chocolate milk, Greek yogurt topped with fruit

strong self image improved body composition restful sleep