Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion

________ pointed out that not all needs are created equal.

________- Respiration and heart rate continue at an elevated level, genitals secrete fluids in preparation for coitus.

Psychologists ________ and Richard Rahe designed one of the first instruments to measure stress.

________ are stimuli that we are drawn to due to learning.

________ and heart rate return to normal resting states, male systems experience a refractory period- a time period that must elapse before another orgasm.

________, a need to fulfill our unique potential as a person.

________ study stress not only to further our understanding of motivation and emotion but also to help us with problems caused by stress.

________ (and some other animals) seem to be motivated to figure out our world and master skills, sometimes regardless of the benefits of the skills or knowledge.

A(n) ________ is our impulse to act in a way that satisfies this need.

________ rate- how quickly our body uses energy.

The ________ effect, in particular, can drastically affect what foods make us hungry.

The ________ returns our physiological state to normal.

________- Rhythmic genital contractions that may help conception, respiration, and heart rate increase further, males ejaculate, often accompanied by a pleasurable euphoria.

________- Genital areas become engorged with blood, penis becomes erect, clitoris swells, respiration and heart rate increase.

________ are obsessed with food and their weight.

The organism readies itself to meet the challenge through activation of the ________.

________ are rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction.

________ are rewards that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves (for example, grades, salary, and so on)

________ explains emotional experiences in a more complete way than either the James- Lange or Cannon- Bard theories do.

________ is one theory that tries to explain the motivations behind these more complex behaviors.

________ (GAS) describes the general response humans and other animals have to a stressful event.

Genital areas become engorged with blood, penis becomes erect, clitoris swells, respiration and heart rate increase

Respiration and heart rate continue at an elevated level, genitals secrete fluids in preparation for coitus

Rhythmic genital contractions that may help conception, respiration, and heart rate increase further, males ejaculate, often accompanied by a pleasurable euphoria

In these, you must choose between two or more things, each of which has both desirable and undesirable features

Control over events tends to lessen stress, while a perceived lack of control generally makes the event more stressful

is one of our requirements for survival, such as food, water, or shelter.

is our impulse to act in a way that satisfies this need.

a balanced internal state.

are biological needs, like thirst.

are learned drives

which states that we seek an optimum level of excitement or arousal.

We might perform well at an easy task with a very high level of arousal, but the same high level of arousal would prevent us from performing well on a difficult task (this concept is similar to

meaning a motivation to return to our baseline, neutral state.

are stimuli that we are drawn to due to learning.

pointed out that not all needs are created equal.

a need to fulfill our unique potential as a person.

describes how the hypothalamus might decide what impulse to send.

how quickly our body uses energy

are more motivated to eat by external food cues, such as attractiveness or availability of food.

are less affected by the presence and presentation of food and respond more often to internal hunger cues.

in particular, can drastically affect what foods make us hungry.

People with bulimia eat large amounts of food in a short period of time (binging) and then get rid of the food (purging) by vomiting, excessive exercise, or the use of laxatives.

starve themselves to below 85 percent of their normal body weight and refuse to eat due to their obsession with weight.

Genital areas become engorged with blood, penis becomes erect, clitoris swells, respiration and heart rate increase.

Respiration and heart rate continue at an elevated level, genitals secrete fluids in preparation for coitus.

Rhythmic genital contractions that may help conception, respiration, and heart rate increase further, males ejaculate, often accompanied by a pleasurable euphoria.

Respiration and heart rate return to normal resting states, male systems experience a refractory period—a time period that must elapse before another orgasm.

Studies show that gay and lesbian sexual orientation is not related to traumatic childhood experiences, parenting styles, the quality of relationships with parents, masculinity or femininity, or the sexual orientation of our parents.

is one theory that tries to explain the motivations behind these more complex behaviors.

are rewards that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves (for example, grades, salary, and so on).

are rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction.

occurs when you must choose between two desirable outcomes

occurs when you must choose between two unattractive outcomes.

exists when one event or goal has both attractive and unattractive features.

In these, you must choose between two or more things, each of which has both desirable and undesirable features.

they theorized that we feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress.

They demonstrated that similar physiological changes correspond with drastically different emotional states.

explains emotional experiences in a more complete way than either the James-Lange or Cannon-Bard theories do.

can refer to either certain life events (stressors) or how we react to these changes in the environment (stress reactions).

designed one of the first instruments to measure stress.

describes the general response humans and other animals have to a stressful event.

Heart rate increases, blood is diverted away from other body functions to muscles needed to react.

The body remains physiologically ready (high heart rate, and so on).

The parasympathetic nervous system returns our physiological state to normal.

Control over events tends to lessen stress, while a perceived lack of control generally makes the event more stressful.