Human Geography- Agricultural Practices and Concepts

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Bioclimatic Zones

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43 Terms

1

Bioclimatic Zones

Regions with specific climate conditions influencing agriculture.

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2

Arable

Land suitable for growing crops.

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3

Non-arable

Land not suitable for growing crops.

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4

Shifting Cultivation

Cultivating land for a few years before moving to a new plot.

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5

Plantation

Large estate for commercial crop cultivation, often using cheap labor.

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6

Pastoral Nomadism

Livestock movement for forage in subsistence agriculture.

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7

Livestock Ranching

Commercial grazing of livestock.

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8

Mixed Crop & Livestock

Farming combining crop and livestock raising.

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9

Commercial Grain Farming

Large-scale cultivation of grains for sale.

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10

Market Gardening

Intensive farming of fruits and vegetables for local markets.

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11

Dairy Farming

Agriculture focused on milk and dairy production.

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12

Mediterranean Agriculture

Agriculture in regions with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers, specializing in crops like grapes and olives.

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13

Environmental Possibilism

Theory suggesting societies can overcome environmental constraints through technology.

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14

Monocropping (Monoculture)

Cultivation of a single crop on a large scale.

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15

Agribusiness

Large-scale agricultural business encompassing production, processing, distribution, and marketing of agricultural products.

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16

Economies of Scale

Cost advantages gained through increased production.

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17

Commodity Chains

Networks connecting the production and distribution of agricultural products.

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18

Von Thunen Model

Economic model explaining agricultural land use patterns based on transportation costs.

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19

Periphery Countries

Less developed countries with weaker economies.

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20

Core and Semi-Periphery Countries

More developed countries with stronger economies, often dominating global trade.

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21

Subsistence Agriculture

Farming primarily for the farmer's own consumption.

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22

Globalization

Process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries.

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23

Deforestation

Clearing of forests for various purposes, including agriculture.

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24

Slash & Burn Agriculture

Method involving cutting and burning forests to create fields for cultivation.

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25

Terrace Farming

Method utilizing steps built into hillsides for cultivation.

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26

Irrigation

Artificial application of water to land for agricultural purposes.

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27

Pollution

Contamination of the environment by harmful substances.

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28

Soil Salinization

Build-up of salts in soil, often resulting from irrigation.

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29

Microfinance

Banking services for low-income individuals or groups.

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30

Metes and Bounds

Land survey method using landmarks to establish boundary lines.

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31

Long Lot

Land survey method involving long strips of land starting from a water source.

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32

Township and Range

Rectangular land survey system pioneered by Thomas Jefferson.

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33

Clustered Settlement

Rural settlement pattern with homes grouped together.

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34

Dispersed Settlement

Rural settlement pattern with isolated and scattered homes.

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35

Linear Settlement

Rural settlement pattern organized along a linear feature like a road or river.

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36

Agricultural Hearths

Geographic origin of agricultural practices and domesticated crops.

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37

Domestication

Deliberate effort to grow plants and raise animals for human use.

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38

Contagious Diffusion

Spread of agricultural practices from one area to nearby areas through close contact.

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39

Immigration & Migration

Diffusion of agricultural practices through the movement of people.

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40

Stimulus Diffusion

Adaptation of farming methods or crops in new locations due to different conditions.

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41

The Columbian Exchange

Exchange of goods and ideas between the 'Old World' and the 'New World.'

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42

Green Revolution

Spread of high-yield crop varieties and modern agricultural techniques.

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43

Bid-Rent Theory

Land value influenced by its proximity to markets.

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