HASS Y10T1 Test 2 - WW2

A system of government in which all resources and methods of production are owned by the state, and are distributed to the public. Was used by the Soviet Union

A system of government in which people are led by a powerful ruler, as a dictator, that controls the people. Commonly manages opposing ideals through violence and propaganda, and comes from a sense extreme nationalism. This was used by Germany, Italy, and Japan

The military tactic used by Nazi Germany in WW2. Means “lightning war”, and involved intense, quick attacks from an air-force and tanks, which aimed to cause damage and cut communication. This was followed by slower soldiers which came in encircled opponents. Soldiers had no celebrations or breaks, instead swiftly moving onto their next target upon victory

The discrimination and hostility of Jews, out of either racist or religious reasons (or both). Hitler believed in this as he saw Jews as polluting and an obstacle for the ‘Aryan’ race

The German legislative assembly (place where government is formed) for the Weinmar Republic, in which parties would gain seats to create government

The form of Government used by Germany from 1919-1933, which was a democratic republic and was widely blamed for the ToV due to being the government to sign it

The period of Hitler’s rule on Germany, in which people had few personal freedoms, were persecuted if not part of Hitler’s ideal world (such as Jews, disabled people, and free thinkers like artists), and were encouraged to report anyone who opposed him

Originally the DAP (German Workers’ Party), which was renamed to the National Socialist German Worker’s Party in 1921, and came into power in 1933, and was led by Hitler. Had extreme nationalist and antisemitic views, blaming Jews for the loss of WW1

Hitler’s ‘manifesto’, and was a book he wrote in 1923 while in prison in which he outlined his plans for future Germany through the NAZI party, including his plan to overtake the Soviet Union, as well as to exterminate Jews

The plans Germany had to invade the Soviet Union, which was enacted on the 22nd of June, 1941. Involved Russia against Germany and various other countries in the Axis Powers (like the Slovak Republic, Austria, and Italy), amassing over three million soldiers. Began with Germany attacking towards the north (to Leningrad), the middle (to Moscow), and to the South (to Ukraine), utilising the Blitzkrieg strategy. The surprise of the battle allowed Germany to gain much territory very quickly as the Russian military was weak and unprepared

Just before reaching Moscow, Hitler made the decision to delay attack on the capital on the 31st of October, 1941, due to poor supply lines and the worsening weather. They had begun attack again on the 15th of November, but this halt from war the Soviet Union time to prepare. On the 5th of December, the Russian army launched a massive counterattack onto the Germans, driving them away and preventing them from taking over Moscow, winning this battle

Towards the end of 1941, the Russian Winter began. Hitler was overconfident and believed that he would have taken the Soviet Union over before the cold arrived, though he miscalculated. Russia managed to outlast till Winter, and had brought out their military which was specifically trained to fight in harsh conditions. On the other hand, due to Hitler’s arrogance, his army was not prepared for winter, and he had very weak supply lines, meaning he was unable to provide the troops with warm clothing. The combination of Russia’s readiness and Germany’s failure to prepare for Winter, allowed the Soviet Union fight back against the Germans

The operation ended as a failure as Germany did not manage to take over Russia, though this came at the great expense of many lives for both the Soviet Union and the Axis Powers

The agreement drawn up by Britain, France, Italy, and Germany on the 30th of September, 1938, in which Germany would be given control of the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia due to the large amount of German population. This agreement did not involve Czechoslovakia, nor the Soviet Union (who had agreed to help if Germany did invade), and came about due to the policy of appeasement in which Britain and France wanted to avoid war at all costs

Both followed the policy of appeasement, as they did not believe Hitler was one to worry about and were fearful of another war. Involved pleasing Hitler’s demands. Gave the Allies time to prepare for war, and helped to manage with fear of war, though failed as the war occurred anyway, and allowed Hitler to grow much stronger than he should’ve

Followed a policy of isolationism where they did not want to get involved with European affairs and disputes. This policy ended upon the bombing of Pearl Harbour by Japan, bringing the USA into the war

Followed a policy of expansionism, in which they wanted to expand and grow their empire across Asia. This led them to invade China for China’s vast land and resources compared to the small island of Japan

1. Saar Plebiscite

2. Conscription

3. Rhineland

4. Austria

5. Munich Conference

6. Czechoslovakia

7. USSR/NAZI Pact

8. Poland

The first step to war in WW2. Was the referendum during 1935 in which the people of the Saar coalfields voted to return to Germany after leaving due to the Treaty of Versailles. Gave Hitler reasoning to unite all German speaking people

The second step to war in WW2, in which Hitler had reintroduced conscription in 1935, breaking the constraints of the ToV. Britain and France did not respond to this due to their policy of appeasement

The third step to war in WW2, in which Hitler reoccupied the Rhineland (the place between Germany and France) with German troops on the 7th of March, 1936. Did this as a test for Britain and France’s limits as his troops were ordered to retreat if there was any resistance

The fourth step to war in WW2, in which Germany took over Austria in 1938. Initially involved Hitler requesting unification with the help of the Austrians, though upon denial, invaded and took over. This went against the ToV, yet there was no response from Britain or France

The fifth step to war in WW2, in which Hitler united the Sudetenland (large area of Czechoslovakia with many German-speakers) with Germany. At first, he requested unification, then made plans to invade, threatening war. In response, Chamberlain appeased Hitler and gave him the land on the 29th September, 1938

The sixth step to war in WW2, in which Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia on the 15th of March, 1939. Prior to this, Hitler insisted he would not do this, making this the breaking point for many British people, who understood Hitler would only be stopped by war

The seventh step to war in WW2, in which Germany formed a pact with the Soviet Union in August 1939. This was done as Germany wished to take over Poland but feared British intervention, as Chamberlain had promised Poland support in times of invasion, and Hitler hoped this alliance would deter Britain. Agreed that the Soviet Union would get half of Poland, and Germany would get the other half

The final step to war in WW2, in which on the 1st of September, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland and took it over in about a month. Led to Britain declaring war on September 3rd, forcing Robert Menzies (Australia) and other Commonwealth countries to follow suit, starting WW2

The supreme leader of a country. Was created in Germany in 1934, when Hitler combined the roles of Chancellor and President, giving him all of the power, and making him the dictator of Germany

• Neville Chamberlain (May 1937-39) - Britain

• Winston Churchill (1940-45) - Britain

• Franklin Roosevelt (1933 - 45) - America

• Harry Truman (1945 - 53) - America

• Joseph Stalin (1924-53) - Soviet Union

• Showa Hirohito (1926-89) - Japan

• Robert Menzies (1939 - 41) - Australia

• John Curtin (1941-45) - Australia

• Eduoard Daladier (1938-40) - France

•  Charles De Gaulle (1944-46)

The time period between September 1939 - April 1940 in which war had been declared, but very minimal fighting had occurred, with zero land battles. This ended when Germany invaded Denmark and Norway, defeating them utilising Blitzkrieg

Started in May 1940, where Germany utilised Blitzkrieg tactics to invade France. Though Germany was greatly outnumbered, the speed of the attack was too much for the Allies, leading to France surrendering on the 22nd of June, 1940. This surrender was not accepted by some, who continued fighting the Germans as the Free French Forces

Started in July 1940, with Germany utilising Blitzkrieg tactics to invade Britain. At first, the British airforce was bombed by the Luftwaffe to allow German boats to arrive. Due to resistance, German began bombing Britain’s cities (the time known as the Blitz). Germany faced harsh opposition from the Royal Air Force, leading to them ending their bombings to focus on Operation Barbarossa in May 1941

Started in August 1942, when Germany invaded the city as a part of Operation Barbarossa. Initially overtook a lot of territory, though the combination of the Russian Army’s determination and the quickly approaching Russian Winter helped the Soviets to encircle the Germans and defeat them in February 1943, winning this battle. This marked Germany’s first major loss, as well as the beginning of Germany’s downfall

• The Tripartite Pact/Axis Alliance, between Japan, Italy and Germany in 1940

• The Anglo-Polish Alliance, between Britain and Poland (to help if there was invasion) in 1939

• The USSR/Nazi Treaty, to not go to war with each other

Hitler had greatly desired the Sudetenland of Czechslovakia as there where many people born in Germany there. As an attempt to gain this, he caused an incident and blamed it on Czechoslovakia, demanding compensation or he would go to war. France and Britain had agreed to support Czechoslovakia in times of invasion, and did not feel prepared to go into battle (though the Soviet Union also agreed to help, they were never considered). Though Britain tried to appease, Hitler increased his demands to getting the Sudetenland, or he would go to war

Japan got very little from the ToV, getting some colonies from Germany in the Pacific, making them quite disappointed. As well as this, in the 1920’s, Japan experienced many struggles, having an earthquake in 1923, and going through the Great Depression combined with newly put up tariff barriers which extremely hurt their economy. The Japanese army used this as opportunity to gain power, and began fighting without permission from the emperor, eventually causing the Mukden incident. Japan slowing had begun rebuilding it’s economy, and in 1937, declared war on China in order to get their vase natural resources, which Japan lacked

An incident caused in 1931 by the Japanese military near the Chinese town of Mukden in order to gain some control of China. Soldiers blew up a part of a railway line and blamed it on the Chinese, using this as an excuse to take control of the region. This was highly criticised and led to Japan leaving the LoN

• Infuriated the people of Germany, leading to the NAZI party taking over

• Disappointed Japan, breaking it’s relationship with Japan due to racism

• Italy had felt greatly humiliated after getting very little from the ToV

• Japan had it’s racial equality clause rejected, leading to it feeling greatly disappointed with the Allies

• Greatly impacted Germany and it’s people, giving the NAZI party opportunity to take over

• Caused Hitler to begin greatly supporting Germany

• Helped Hitler manipulate Germany

• Helped the Japanese Military enter into power