Studied by 3 peopleGreat Depression
1929-1939
Economic Depression
A severe and prolonged economic downturn
Reason for the depression
Industry, Farming Troubles, Credit, Bad Banks, War Debt and Foreign Business
Why was the Industry failing
Companies were putting more products out in WW1 after WW1 the demand for some products went down therefore they lost money.
What was the Farming trouble
In WW1 crops were in high demand. So farmers took out loans and started to grow more crops and buy new equipment. After demand stopped, the crop price went down. The farmers kept planting crops after demand went down
Why was Credit bad
People were living beyond their means. There was superficial prosperity. People would buy on credit, take on more debt, and would eventually default on loans or be forced to cut back on spending. This hurts both businesses and banks
Why were banks failing
In the 1920s, banks were opening at the rate of four to five per day, but without many federal restrictions to determine how much start-up capital a bank needed or how much it could lend. As a result, most of these banks were highly insolvent.
FDIC
Federal deposit insurance corruption
Problems War Debts and Foreign Business
1920 we raised tariffs(not good for the economy)
Consumers end up paying more when tariffs are raised
Other countries will raise tariffs because the US did
Why were people saying make america good again
wanted to protect our companies in America
Problem with the Unrealistic Economic Thought
Hoover wanted to hire more people in companies even though they are losing money in the company
What does buying on margin
Pay a small % of stock as a down payment. Paid to brokers. This worked if prices continued to go up.
What is Paper wealth
You don’t have the money physically
Date for Black Tuesday
October 29, 192
In 1929 how many banks closed
659
In 1933 how many banks closed
6,000 had failed (1/4 of the nation banks)
Between 1929 and 1932 how many banks closed
over 85,000 businesses
Shantytowns
Comprised shacks and mainly migrants that were working or looking for work
Why were some whites were angry with African Americans and Mexican Americans
job competition
In 1933 how many african american died
24 African Americans die by lynching
What were some Societal Consequences
Malnutrition increased
School shut down- no money
The suicide rate went up
Psychology of saving/ being poor/ distrust
What was the dust bowl
extreme drought throughout the 1930s
Where did the dust bowl run through
The region through the midwest (stretching from north Dakota to texas)
What did hoover think about peoples problems
people should take care of their own problems and that any form of government welfare was uncalled for. In many ways he felt that Federal handouts would be morally “corrupt” to the nation
Nick name for Shantytowns
Hoovervilles
nickname for newspapers
Hoover Blankets
Nickname for Empty pockets
Hoover flags
Location for the Hoover Dam
Black Canyon on the Colorado River. About 30 miles southeast of Las Vegas
What was the bonus army
Veterans wanted to get their bonus early so they went to Washington DC and demanded for their bonus. There wanted to show their support the Patman bill
What was the outcome of the Bonus Army
Hoover called on the army to remove them
Veterans never got their money
What was the 1932 election results
Franklin Roosevelt gets a huge victory- 23 million to 16 million
What did FDR do in his first 100 days
Roosevelt had promised a “new deal for the American people”
How did FDR fix the banks
He gave the banks a “Bank holiday. All banks shut down preventing any more withdrawals”
What does AAA stand for
agricultural adjustments act
What did the AAA do
Farmers were paid to not grow crops
What does the CCC stand for
Civilian Conservation Corp
What was the CCC
men ages 18- 25 built roads, parks, planted trees, etc.
what does the PWA stand for
Public Works Admin
What did the PWA do
gave money to states to create jobs. Most of $ the were used to construct community centers, parks, theaters, and schools.
What were Boondoggles jobs
Job that is a waste of time
Why were people complaining about the new deal programs
The supreme court was trying to say that the new deal programs unconstitutional because it gave a large amount of power to the executive branch
How did FDR handle the supreme court complaining about the new deal programs
FDR was scared that this would hurt his new deal policies so he argued that the bill would allow him to appoint 6 new supreme court justices
What was this called when the supreme court wanted to get rid of the new deal programs and so FDR hired 7 new judges in 4 years
Court Packing Scheme
Who was Huey P. Long
Nickname was “Kingfish
Found a way to get poor people stuff
what was Francis Townsend plan
Proposed a pension plan: all americans over 60 would get 200 per month. Had to spend $ within 30 days
What radio station was Father Charles Cougein on
Local radio program turned nationwide (WJR)
What was FDR against in the 1936 Elections
Kansan Alf Lanfon
How much did Alf Lanfon lose by
lost 27.7 million to 16.6 million
what does NYA stand for
National Youth Admin
What did the NYA do
Provided work specifically for nations youth
what does WPA stand for
Work progress Admin
what did the WPA do
Program was given a budget of %5 billion dollars
How many libraries/ schools/ hospitals were constructed in the WPA
110,000
What was the Wagner Act
Under the act the Federal government supported the right of workers to join unions and to engage in collective bargaining
Whats a Labor Union
Protects the workers from the harsh work
What does the Social Security Act do
Old age insurance for people 65 or older
who was Frances Perkins
first female cabinet member (sec. Of labor). Major factor in creating social security
Why did people go to the movies
Many people needed an escape from tough times
how much of the population went to see movies once a week
65%
When was WW2
1939
When did WW2 end
1945
Where was the Great Purge in WW2
Soviet Union
Who were labeled as Enemies of the People in WW2
Government officials, army officers, and bureaucrats
How many people were killed by the soviet government in WW2
8 to 12 million
Who were the Three Fascists in WW2
Hitler-Germany, Tojo-Japanl, Mussolini- Italy
Third Reich
3rd German Empire
Mein Kampf meaning
My Struggle
When does Tojo take power in Japan
1941
What was FDR speach in 1937 called
Quarantine Speech
What was the Quarantine Speech about
Isolating Japan, Italy, and Germany
When and Where was Hitler Born
April 1889 in Austria
What was the Gestapo in WW2
The Secret Police
What the Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler wanted to overthrow the government on Nov. 8th, 1923
How long was Hitler Sentenced for trying to overthrow the government
5 years but he only served 9 months of the sentence
What Year was the Nuremberg Laws passed
Sept. 1935
What was the first country Hitler went in to
Austria
What was The Sudetenland
Made a claim that Sudeten Germans were being abused
What does Appeasement mean
Doing something bad and you reward them for doing something bad
When did Germany and the Soviet Union sign the nonaggression pact
Aug. 23, 1939
What was the non aggression pact
Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to fight one another
What Tactics was Germany using in WW2
Blitzkreig
What was the Maginot Line in WW2
was a fortified line on France’s eastern border
April 7, 1940 what countries did Germany Invade
Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium
Who were in the Axis Pack in WW2
Japan, Germany, Italy
What does RAF stand for
Royal Air Force
Who was the most famous person to fly 60,000 jews to the US
Albert Einstein
What was the biggest concentration camp
Auschwitz
What year did the US pass the the first peacetime draft
1940
How Many people registered for the draft in WW2
16 million
How many people were drafted in the war in WW2
1 million
When did Pearl Harbor start
December 7th, 1941
How many US people died in Pearl Harbor
2,407
Who said “a date which will live in infamy”
FDR
What place was the largest American source where we had to surrender in WW2
Bataan Peninsula
What does WAAC stand for in WW2
Women Auxiliary Army Corps
What did the WAAC do
Allowed Women to serve in the military
How many women served in the Military in WW2
250,000
What was the OPA in WW2
Office Of Price Admin
What was the OPA in WW2
Froze Prices on many goods
What does the WPB stand for in WW2
War Production Board
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