Biology 1 - Cell structures and transportation

What is the function of a cell wall?

To strengthen the cell and give it support

Name all the structures of a bacteria cell.

-Genetic material (RNA) -Slime capsule -Cell wall -Cytoplasm -Plasmid -Flagellum -Cell membrane

What is the function of a phloem vessel?

Transports dissolved sugars from leaves to all parts of plants in both directions.

Name the function of the xylem vessel.

Transports water and mineral ions from roots to shoots of plants.

What are the adaptations of the phloem vessel?

-Companions cells -Many mitochondria -Sieve plates

What are the adaptations of a nerve cell?

-Dendrites

What is active transport?

Active transport moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution.

What is the equation for magnification?

Magnification=size of image / real size of object

What are the adaptations of a muscle cell?

-Many mitochondria -Filament fibres

What are the adaptations of a sperm cell?

-Tail -Acrosome -Mid-piece

What is diffusion?

The spreading out of the particles of a gas, resulting in a movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Give three features of a prokaryotic cell.

-Bacterial cells -0.1 to 0.5μm in diameter -Contains extra an extra ring of DNA called plasmids -Cell wall does not contain cellulose -Have free DNA, not enclosed in a nucleus

Give three features of a eukaryotic cell.

-Animal and plant cells -Protista cells -10 to 100μm in diameter -Genetic material is encosed in a nucleus -Cells with a nucleus and organelles

What is the function of ribosomes?

The site of protein synthesis.

What equipment is needed in a microscopy practical?

-Slide -Filter paper -Cover sip -Mounted needle -Stain -Specimen

Name all the structures of a plant cell.

-Ribosomes -Cytoplasm -Mitochondria -Nucleus -Cell wall -Cell membrane -Vacuole -Chloroplasts

What is the function of cytoplasm?

The liquid gel where organelles are suspended. Where most of the chemical reactions take place.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

The site of photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll which is a pigment that absorbs sunlight.

Name all the structures of an animal cell.

-Cell membrane -Ribosomes -Cytoplasm -Mitochondria -Nucleus

What adaptations does the xylem vessel have?

-Hollow tube -Walls lined with lighin

What is the function of a nucleus?

Contains the genetic material of the cell (DNA) and controls the activities of the cell.

What are the functions of a root hair cell?

Absorbs mineral ions and water from the soil. Large surface area for maximum absorption of water and mineral ions.

Name the three specialised animal cells.

-Nerve cell -Sperm cell -Muscle cell

Name the three specialised plant cells.

-Xylem vessel -Phloem vessel -Root hair cell

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Site of aerobic respiration. Transfers energy to the cell for cell activities.

What is osmosis?

When water moves across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution.

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Filled with cell sap. Important in keeping the cell rigid to support the plant.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.What

What are the adaptations of a root hair cell?

-Mitochondria - for active transport

What is the independent variable in the osmosis practical?

Concentration of salt/sugar solution.

What are examples of exchange surfaces?

-Villi in the small intestine -Alveoli in the lungs -Root hair cell in the roots

Name the equipment needed for the osmosis practical.

-Test tube rack -Boiling tube -Potato cylinder -Sugar solutions

What is the function of the nerve cell?

Communication.

What is the function of a sperm cell?

To transport male genetic material to female, for fertilisation.

What is the function of a muscle cell?

To contact to bring about movement.

What is the control variable in the osmosis required practical?

The volume of water, time left, the surface area of the potato, the temperature.

What is the dependant variable in the osmosis practical?

The change in mass.