Chapter 20: Progressive Era (1895–1914)

This Progressive-supported process allowed any citizen to propose a law

This process allowed citizens (instead of legislatures) to vote on proposed laws

This process allowed voters to remove an elected official from office before his or her term expired

This process allowed party members to vote for prospective candidates; previously most had been chosen by party conventions

Settlement house in Chicago founded by Jane Addams; it became a model for settlement houses around the country

Created in 1890 by a merger of two womens suffrage organizations and led in its early years by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony was instrumental in demanding womens right to vote

Fire in New York City that killed 146 female factory workers

Novel written by Upton Sinclair that highlighted numerous problems of the meatpacking industry and inspired the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act

Progress and Poverty by Henry George published

Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy published

Formation of National Consumers League

National American Woman Suffrage Association founded

Theodore Roosevelt becomes president after the assassination of William McKinley

Progressive Robert La Follette elected as governor of Wisconsin

Progressive Tom Johnson elected as mayor of Cleveland, Ohio

Founding of Womens Trade Union League

The Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens published

IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) established

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair published Meat Inspection Act enacted

William Howard Taft elected president

Foundation of the NAACP

Ballinger-Pinchot controversy

Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire

Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party) founded by Theodore Roosevelt Woodrow

Establishment of Federal Reserve System

Clayton Antitrust Act ratified

First showing of D. W. Griffiths film Birth of a Nation

Establishment of U.S. Forest Service

Pure Food and Drug Act enacted

Wilson elected president Establishment of Industrial Relations Committee

Ratification of Sixteenth Amendment, authorizing federal income tax

Ratification of Seventeenth Amendment, authorizing direct election of senators

Outbreak of World War I in Europe

Federal Trade Commission Act ratified

He wrote Progress and Poverty (1879)

He wrote Looking Backward (1888)

Many newspapers and magazines investigated political corruption and business monopolies. These exposés were widely read and spread Progressive ideas. Theodore Roosevelt called these investigators "___________.”

He famously criticized the meatpacking industry.

Written by Lincoln Steffens, this criticized machine politics.

How the Other Half Lives (1890) by __________ exposed urban poverty.

He was the Cleveland "reform mayor" that received national attention for his efforts to clean up local government and improve city services.

Enabled a citizen to propose a law and get it on the ballot during the next election.

Allowed citizens to vote for the adoption of a proposed law during an election.

Made it possible for voters to remove an elected official from office.

Traditionally party nominees had been picked at political conventions dominated by the party leadership. This allowed rank and file party members to pick a nominee through a public vote.

She founded the National Consumers League, which advocated for workplace and home protections for women and children.

In 1889, located in Chicago, this began serving the poor under Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr.

As working men spent their paychecks in bars, the _______ claimed that alcoholism caused poverty.

The first western state to allow women to vote in local elections during the Gilded Age.

In 1890, two women's suffrage organizations merged to form the _________________.

Founders of NAWSA

The radical British suffragette movement influenced Alice Paul's 1916 founding of the ______.

In 1914, a group of women in New York City coined the term ________.

A nurse who worked with New York City's poor, promoted birth control.

Many Progressives believed workplace safety regulations were necessary after the __________, which killed 146 workers in a poorly maintained factory.

used to describe Roosevelt's policy of using the government to protect everyone's interests.

The Interstate Commerce Commission had more _______________ after the Hepburn Act.

This was revived by Roosevelt. Though passed in 1890, the law had not been used to break up illegal trusts or monopolistic holding companies.

Roosevelt ordered the Justice Department to sue the _____________, a holding company that controlled most northwest railroads, under the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Roosevelt used the __________ against corporations he believed had exploited consumers.

Roosevelt's chosen successor was _____________. He was a judge and Roosevelt's cabinet member.

Taft didn't have Roosevelt's political and PR skills. He was more respectful of Congress. This led him to support the _____________ of 1909, which angered many Progressives because it kept tariffs on many products too high, hurting consumers.

Taft's interior secretary.

Forest Service chief, was furious; he publicly accused Ballinger for corruption.

The _________________ supported Taft by 1910. He opposed some Progressive critics in the 1910 primaries.

This was supported by President Taft and a wide range of the public as a way to raise revenue and offset tariff cuts; Income taxes were initially thought to be paid by the wealthy.

The Progressive Party, also known as the ____________, was founded by Roosevelt and his supporters.

Wilson's ______________ reflected Democrats' longstanding distrust of a strong federal government.

Given the candidates' records, this year was the Progressive Era's electoral peak.

The new income tax made up for the ______________ 's largest tariff cuts since the Civil War.

The ____________ outlawed price discrimination and other corporate abuses.

The 1914 Federal Trade Commission Act established the _______________. It worked closely with businesses to help them avoid illegal activities.

In 1913, Wilson created the __________ to solve currency supply and financial panics.

The current _________ were issued by a Washington-based Federal Reserve Board.

By creating a decentralized bank support system and a stable, flexible currency, the ___________ was intended to boost the American economy.

an epic Civil War and Reconstruction film by D. W. Griffith.

African American and white reformers founded the ________________ in 1909 to fight racism and promote equal rights.

American intervention in WWI ended the _______________.