APUSH Unit 3 Princeton Review

This slogan was created in 1864 and 1865 when the federal government settled nearly 10000 black families on abandoned plantation land often times receiving a single mule for their property. It was an attempt to give the black families a new start.

Enacted by the Confederacy in 1862, it was the first conscription law in US history. It eventually required all able-bodied men from 17-45 to serve for 3 years. It exempted certain occupations, as well as any slave owner who owned more than 20 slaves, known as the 20-Negro law. Angered people who were not excused from service. Claimed it was a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight"

A citizen's right to be brought promptly before a judge and told why he has been arrested; this is a Constitutional right which Lincoln suspended during the Civil War.

An increase in the supply of currency relative to the goods available, leading to a decline in the purchasing power of money (depreciation of currency)

Movement based on hostility to immigrants; motivated by ethnic tensions and religious bias; considered immigrants as despots overthrowing the American republic; feared anti-Catholic riots and competition from low-paid immigrant workers

Aka. "squatter sovereignty"; proposed by Lewis Cass; left the determination of slavery to the state's settlers

Discriminating people due to race and separating societies based on race.

A system of farming after the Civil War where black agricultural workers would work (mainly for white landowners) for a fixed rent or share of their crop, rather than a fixed wage. Incorrect - A system of farming after the Civil War where black agricultural workers would continue working for their past plantation owners and receive a fixed wage for their work, along with a small portion of their grown crop.

By Harriet Beecher Stowe; the climax of literary abolitionism; book linked slavery and violence in northern minds

Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.

Battle between Custer's Seventh Cavalry and the Sioux, Custer's Seventh was decimated

Republican - Abraham Lincoln. Democrat - Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge. Constitutional Union - John Bell. Issues were slavery in the territories (Lincoln opposed adding any new slave states).

After the victory of Antietam Lincoln announces on the first of 1863 all slaves in the rebelling states would be free. AIM: injure confederacy, threaten its property, heighten its dread, hurt its morale.

Bitter contest for control of territorial govt. in Kansas; border war erupted between proslavery and antislavery forces

Thousands of miners travel to Northern California after news reports of the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in January of 1848 had spread around the world. This caused Californians to apply for statehood in 1849

He intentionally violates Tenure Act because it was set up to get him impeached by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, at the Trial his lawyer says his only crime is opposing Congress, 12 democrats and 7 republicans vote him "not guilty", so he escaped impeachment by one vote

(1846-1848) armed conflict between America and Mexico over the annexation of Texas which Mexico still considered theirs despite the Texas revolution in 1836. Captured Mexico City forcing Mexico to the sale of its northern territories to the US. Polk completed the goal of territorial expansion of the US to the Pacific coast. Resulted in Mexican cession in exchange for 15 million.

The minstrel show, or minstrelsy was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the Civil War, black people in blackface. Minstrel shows lampooned black people as dim-witted, lazy, buffoonish, superstitious, happy-go-lucky, and musical.

Colonel J.M. Chivington militia massacred some four hundred Indians in cold blood—Indians who had thought they had been promised immunity and Indians who were peaceful and harmless.

Sherman's march from Atlanta to South Carolina, he and his army applied total warfare, scorched earth policy that led over a million dollars in damage and crushed the south

1860 Republican presidential candidate; platform: the moderate, self-made man, halt expansion of slavery, high protective tariffs, free homesteads, internal improvements

A Southerner forms Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

A nickname for northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War, named for their tendency to carry their possessions with them in large carpetbags. Though some carpetbaggers migrated to strike it rich, most did so to promote modernization, education, and civil rights for former slaves in the South. Some carpetbaggers had influential roles in the new Republican state legislatures, much to the dismay of white southerners.

War from 1861-1865 between the Union and the Confederacy. The Union won the war and slavery were abolished.

Lincoln believed that anti-war Northern Democrats harbored traitorous ideas and he labeled them "Copperheads", poisonous snakes waiting to get him.

Slave who sued for his freedom and lost. Increased tensions between North and South.

Slaves that moved from the Deep South to Kansas in search for better economic opportunities.

In January 1848, gold was discovered on the property in Sierra Nevada foothills of northern California. It was supposed to be secret, but the word leaked shortly after the Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo. An estimated 100,000 forty-niners from around the globe flocked to the gold fields in 1849. The population of California exploded, and the issue of slavery was again brought up. Politicians were debated as to whether California should be admitted as a free or slave state.

Was established shortly before the end of the war and gave former slaves food and medical aid. It also established schools and helped former slaves in the workplace.

Antislavery party in the 1848 and 1852 elections that opposed the extension of slavery into the territories, arguing that the presence of slavery would limit opportunities for free laborers.

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin and abolitionist.

Revels and Bruce were the first two African-American politicians to serve a full term in the United States Senate. They were both representatives from Mississippi and were the only two African-American Senators during Reconstruction.

1856 Democratic presidential candidate; platform: popular sovereignty in territories

Former secretary of war & senator from Mississippi. - President of the Confederacy, experienced, honest, courageous

1860 presidential candidate for Democratic South; platform: federal protection of slaves in the territories

Antislavery zealot; murdered 5 pro-slavery Kansas settlers in cold blood; hanged for treason for Harpers Ferry Raid

Aka the American Party; major political force from 1854-1855; objective: to extend the period of naturalization, undercut immigrant voting strengths, and keep aliens in their place

Was a secret society established in 1866 which used terrorism to frighten or physically prevent blacks from voting, exercising citizenship, or gaining equality. Klan members dressed in costumes participated in rituals and established secret languages to further scare outsiders as well as create a mysterious surrounding and a bond between members. The group is famous for their "midnight raids" where they dressed in white sheets and masks, covered their horses in white robes, and terrorized black families and communities.

The Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854.

1856 American Party presidential candidate; platform: sectional compromise. President from 1850-1853

These were a small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after.

Political party evolved from an anti-Nebraska coalition of 1854; support from ex-Whigs, dissident Democrats, Free-soilers, and anti-Democratic coalitions; led by experienced politicians under an effective party apparatus; well-established throughout the North. Wanted abolishment of slavery and big government.

Famous black leader of Civil War-Reconstruction era hijacked Confederate ship and surrendered it to the Union, later elected into U.S. Congress

They were southern whites, mainly small landowning farmers and well-off merchants and planters, who supported the southern Republican Party during Reconstruction. They had a more diverse background and motives. Some were prominent pre-war Whigs who wanted to regain the political power that they once had. Others wanted modernization and economic expansion

"Little Giant"; Illinois senator; called for separate provisions of Compromise of 1850; 1860 presidential candidate for Democratic North; platform: popular sovereignty

Union General, west point grad, Mex-American war vet. known for his heavy drinking. -1861-62 he retained control of Missouri and Kentucky. Future president during Reconstruction, although his presidency is highlighted by many scandals.

Name adopted by the 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed their own country during the Civil War

Confederate attack on the Union fort marked the start of the Civil War

(1863) a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10 percent of the 1860 vote count from that state had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation, citizens of former Confederate states would be given the opportunity to swear allegiance to the government in Washington (high-ranking Confederate military and civilian authorities would not be offered this opportunity), the state was afforded the chance to form its own state government, a state legislature could write a new constitution but it also had to abolish slavery forever, if all processed Lincoln would recognize the reconstructed government

The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.

Made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the country, the constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that states, "no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Series of Congressional legislative measures balancing the interests of the slaveholding states of the South and the free states. 1- California was admitted as a free state 2-Texas received $$ compensation for relinquishing claim to lands West of the Rio Grande river 3-US territory of New Mexico organized with pop sovereignty 4-the slave trade (but not slavery itself) was abolished in D.C., 5-stringent Fugitive Slave Law was passed, requiring all U.S. citizens to assist in the return of runaway slaves. Brokered largely by Stephen Douglas, postponed civil war.

Political compromise ending the disputed presidential election of 1876 between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden; by the terms of this compromise Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the electoral votes of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, thus giving him the presidency; in return, all federal troops were removed from the South and the Congress promised to stop enforcing much Reconstruction-era legislation concerning the South.

Supreme Court decision: Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories; slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states; blacks could not sue because they were not citizens; declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

In 1865, Jefferson Davis sent VP Stephens to a conference with President Lincoln to possibly negotiate a peace. Davis demanded southern independence while Lincoln would only take a full surrender, thus nothing was achieved. SIGNIFICANCE: shows how difficult it was to achieve any compromise during the war.

Gave one quarter of a section of a township of undeveloped land in the American West to any family head or person that was at least 21 years of age, provided he lived on it for five years and built a house, or allowed the family had to buy it for $1.25 per acre after 6 months. It helped settlers create more than 372,000 farms.

Suspected fugitives denied jury trial and constitutional rights; led to false accusations and kidnapping of free blacks; unpopular in abolitionist North

Bill to organize territories west of Missouri by setting up territorial govt. based on popular sovereignty; repealed Missouri Compromise; added to sectional disharmony; destroyed second party system

Laws the forbade state officials to assist in the capture and return of runaways.

(1867) act placing Southern states under military rule and barring former supporters of the Confederacy from voting.

Peace treaty largely dictated by the US to the Gov. of military occupied Mexico City which ended the Mexican American war (1846-1848) Mexico surrendered to the US and entered a negotiation to end the war. Negotiated by Nicholas Trist and General Winfield Scott. The US gained Mexican Cession and the Rio Grande river was the southern boundary of the US and Texas.

An 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy...Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh.

Bill proposed by David Wilmot that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico