AP Biology Review (Part Three)

Evolution

the change in the genetic makeup of a population over time and is supported by multiple lines of evidence

Evolutionary Fitness

ability of an organism to survive and produce fertile/viable offspring

Ecosystem stability

__________________ determines the rate and direction of evolution

Genetic variation

genotypic and phenotypic differences between individuals in a population

Stabilizing selection

eliminates extremes (reduces variance) and makes tall peak

Diversifying selection

extremes grow and intermediates decrease (may lead to 2 species)

Directional Selection

entire population shifts one way due to change in allele frequency

Artificial Selection

process by which humans select desirable traits in other species and selectively breed individuals with the desired traits

Convergent Evolution

process by which similar environmental conditions select for similar traits in different populations or different species over time