Synthesis:

Examples: C + O2 → CO2

A + B → AB

where A and B are either elements or compounds and AB is a combination of those 2 substances

Decomposition: reverse of synthesis

2NaCl → Cl2 + 2Na

AB → A + B

Single Replacement:

Zn + CuCl2 → ZnCl2 + Cu

AB + C → AC + B

Hydrogen can act like a metal in acid

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Double Replacement:

MgO + CaS → MgS + CaO

AB + CD → AD + CB

Neutralization: type of double replacement

Acid + Base → Water + Salt

Combustion: burning

Need 3 things:

1. fuel

2. oxygen

3. spark to start the reaction

Hydrocarbon fuel reacts with the oxygen gas in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor

C_ + O_ → CO2 + H2O

C10H22 + 21O2 → 10CO2 + 22H2O

Hydrates

Hydrate: Ionic compound with water molecules trapped inside

• sometimes water molecules get trapped in the crystal structures

CuSO4 • 5H20 = Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate

Na3PO4 • 2H20 = Sodium Phosphate dihydrate

CuCl2 • 4H2O Copper (II) Chloride Tetrahydrate

• We use greek prefixes to say how many water molecules there are

Anhydrous: compound with no water

• CuSO4: Copper (II) Sulfate