Unit 4 AP Psychology: Learning

learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).

psychologist who trained dogs to salivate at sound of bell

stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning (meant nothing before conditioning took place)

naturally occurring response to unconditioned stimulus (salivating because of food)

stimulus that unconditionally or naturally and automatically triggers a response (the dog food)

learned response to a previously neutral stimuli (salivating because of the bell)

previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditional stimulus, come to trigger a conditioned or learned response (the bell)

getting rid of a learned response but not pairing stimuli (Pavlov rings bell and no longer gives food)

random recovery of a response

decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to stimulus

procedure in which a new NS is paired with existing CS without needing US

(pavlov started showing a light when ringing the bell and dogs began to salivate at the ligth too)

not as strong

generalizing the conditioned stimulus to other similar stimuli

(little albert became afraid of anything white and fluffy)

telling the difference between two stimuli

(no one moves when a principal talks over the loudspeaker because we can tell the difference between the sound of a bell and voice)

orgainisms learn to associate their own actions with concequences and rewards

rewards work better than punishments

founder of operant conditioning

behaviorist psychologist

Researched taste aversion. Showed that when rats ate a novel substance before being nauseated by a drug or radiation, they developed a conditioned taste aversion for the substance.

in operant conditioning research, a chamber (also known as a Skinner box) containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking.

behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely

did research on law of effect

SHAPE BEHAVIOR

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforces guide behavior toward close and close approximation of desired behavior

rewards for each thing you do until you get closer.

(giving a rat food each step he takes towards a desired stimulus)

biological needs- food

conditioned need- money

reward giving positive stimulus- getting money for walking dog

reward reducing negative stimulus- not having to take out trash

adding negative stimulus- getting speed ticket

taking away positive stimulus- no phone

bobo the clown experiment

made kids watch adults beat up an inflatable clown toy

learning by watching others

being shown a behavior and trying to imitate it

neurons in the frontal lobe that mirror others observational actions which allows us to learn by watching

learning that takes place without realization

(picking up on Russian in the house)

a mental visual representation of one's environment

rats learned layout of maze

(discovered by edward tolman)

made kids watch adults beat up an inflatable clown toy

reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

rewarding every time you get a question right

responses are sometimes reinforces, sometimes not

fishermen dont get a fish every cast

providing a reinforcer after a specified number of responses

get 10th coffee free

providing a reinforcer after random number of responses

provides a reinforcer after a specific time period has passed

$13/hour

provides reinforcement at raondom times

flash sale websites

random notifications

cognitive psychologist; latent learning and cognitive map