Sport Psychology

refers to the learned capacity or proficiency to perform a specific task or activity effectively.

refers to the inherent or natural capacity to perform a particular task or activity. 

These are fundamental skills that form the foundation for more complex abilities.

These skills involve a combination of basic skills and are often more intricate and demanding. 

These skills are performed in an unpredictable or changing environment. 

 These skills are performed in a controlled and stable environment where the conditions are relatively constant.

The performer has control over the timing and execution of the skill. 

The timing and execution of the skill are determined by external factors rather than the performer. 

These involve the use of large muscle groups and are associated with activities requiring strength, power, and coordination.

These involve the use of smaller muscle groups and are associated with precision and dexterity. 

is perceived as the outcome of a particular effort, and it should be compelling, reflecting something that an individual genuinely desires to accomplish. 

enable athletes to concentrate on aspects of their performance over which they have complete control.

assist performers in concentrating on the broader objective of what they aim to achieve. 

state exactly what will need to be done

clear what success will look like

decided on by all participants in the process

know it is practical – steps can be taken to do it

state when it will be achieved

Information is gained from the bodies senses and selective attention.

The decision process takes place by comparing the current situation, held in the short term memory, with previous experiences, held in the long term memory, to determine an appropriate action.

The action is performed with reference to the movement pattern stored in long term memory. 

Information received via intrinsic (self) or extrinsic (outside) sources is used to repeat the processes or adjust depending on success rate.

This is often used when a performer is just starting out in the learning process. 

Terminology and phrases associated with certain skills can be made simple and straightforward in a clear verbal explanation. 

This method is used when the skills learnt are dangerous or are complex. 

involves the use of equipment to help support the learner whilst practicing the skill. 

identifying what is good or correct about performance.

Highlighting what is bad or incorrect about performance

Received (externally) from outside of the performers body, eg from a coach/peer.

sometimes referred to as kinesthetic feedback, received via receptors in the muscles.

Information for performer about time, placing, result

Feedback on performance generally and technique.

refers to the degree of activation and alertness that a performer experiences.

proposes that sporting performance improves as arousal levels increase but that there is a threshold point.

At low arousal levels, performance quality is low. 

At medium arousal levels, sporting performance peaks. 

At high arousal levels, performance quality deteriorates. 

Creating pictures of a successful performance in our mind. 

Can involve both internal and external imagery.

The ability to only focus upon the relevant information or stimuli for the execution of the skill.

Sometimes called 'positive self-talk' involves the participant being positive about past experiences and performances and future efforts by talking to themselves or thinking how successful they might be. 

involves open and straightforward confrontations or actions with the intention of causing harm or asserting dominance. 

involves more subtle and covert methods to harm or manipulate others. 

Introverts often thrive in sports that allow them to work independently.

Activities that require sustained focus and personal determination can be appealing.

Sports that involve strategy and concentration can align with introverted traits.

Extroverts often excel in sports that involve collaboration and interaction with others.

Activities that provide an adrenaline rush and excitement may be appealing.

Sports where being in the spotlight is a central aspect can suit extroverted individuals.