chemistry: chapter 6 zumdhal 9th edition

endothermic, positive q

exothermic, negative q

contractive, positive w

expansive, negative w

total energy of all particles

average speed of all particles

heat content isn’t the same, but the temperature and heart flow is the same both ways

in exothermic reactions, the products are more stable

delta H is negative

delta H is positive

delta E = q, proportional to delta T

delta E = w = F d, proportional to P * delta V

melting - expansion

freezing - contraction

Hfusion

boiling - expansion

condensation - contraction

Hvaporization

sublimination - expansion

deposition - contraction

a propertiy in which we only care about the initial and final state, not the pathway in which we got there

study of heat transfer using a calorimeter

the amount of heat it takes to increase one gram of a substance by one degree celcius

-qwater

there is lots of gas and high temperatures

-qcalorimeter = -Ccalorimeter * delta T

qbomb+qH2O

q = m * c * delta T

w = m * Hx (x can be fusion or vaporization, it depends)

delta H is directly propertional to the amount of reactands or products

delta T for a reaction is equal in magnitude but opposite sign to delta H in reverse

hess’ law

delta H when one molecule of stable compound is formed

delta H when one mole of bonds are broken in the gaseous state

positive

negative

energy released when two gaseous ions react to form a solid product

ionization energy + sphere of hydration

least to most exothermic