ap psych ch 8 vocab

the inability to distinguish an actual memory of an event from information you learned elsewhere about the event

confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened

conscious, intentional recollection of an event or of an item of information

the ability to retrieve and reproduce from memory previously encountered material

the ability to identify previously encountered material

unconscious retention in memory, as evidenced by the effect of a previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts or actions

a method for measuring retention that compares the time required to relearn material with the time used in the initial learning of the material

a method for measuring implicit memory in which a person reads or listens to information and is later tested to see whether the information affects performance on another type of task

a model of memory in which knowledge is represented as connections among thousands of interacting processing units, distributed in a vast network, and all operating in parallel

a memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate sensory information before the information fades or moves into short-term memory

in the three-box model of memory, a limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods; it is also used to hold information retrieved from long-term memory for temporary use

short-term memory plus the mental processes that control retrieval of information from long-term memory and interpret that information appropriately for a given task

a meaningful unit of information; it may be composed of smaller units

in the three-box model of memory, the memory system involved in the long-term storage of information

memories for the performance of actions or skills ("knowing how")

Memories of facts, rules, concepts, and events ("knowing that"); they include semantic and episodic memories

Memories of general knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts, and propositions

memories of personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred

the tendency for recall of the first and last items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list

rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory

association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of the new information to make it memorable

in the encoding of information, the processing of meaning rather than simply the physical or sensory features of a stimulus

strategies and tricks for improving memory, such as the use of a verse or a formula

the theory that information in memory eventually disappears if it is not accessed; it applies better to short-term than to long-term memory

forgetting that occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember similar material stored previously

forgetting that occurs when previously stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar, more recently learned material

the inability to retrieve information stored in memory because of insufficient cues for recall

the tendency to remember something when the rememberer is in the same physical or mental state as during the original learning or experience

the partial or complete loss of memory for important personal information

in psychoanalytic theory, the involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting information into the unconscious

the inability to remember events and experiences that occurred during the first two or three years of life.