APES Chapter 7 (Unit 1)

countries with relatively high levels of industrialization and income

a country with relatively low levels of industrialization and incomes of less than $3 per person per day.

Starvation is the inevitable result of population growth because the population increases at an exponential rate while the food supply can only increase linearly. (found to be wrong because of human innovation)

population growth rate

(births+immigration)-(deaths+emigration)/total population * 100

total fertility rate

The average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout their childbearing years, between puberty and menopause.

the rate at which children must be born to replace those dying in the population

The scientific study of population characteristics.

fertility, mortality, and migration

Gross Domestic Product- the total market value of all final goods and services produced annually in an economy. (correlates with pollution levels) C+I+G+(X-IM)

the average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country is expected to live, given the current age and lifespan and death rate in that country.

population/area

#of births or deaths per year/ total population

#births or deaths/10

Doubling time (in years) = 70/(percentage growth rate).

rate as defined as the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age.

rate as defined as the number of deaths of children under 5 years of age.

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

continued population growth that does not slow in response to growth reduction measures

the theory that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth

Low growth; Very high birth and death rates

High growth; Rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates

Stabilizing; Birth rates rapidly decline; death rates continue to decline

Low growth; Very low birth and death rates = zero population growth

the practice of regulating the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control

Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology

an area that contains more than 386 people per square kilometer (1,000 people per square mile)

the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.