anatomy exam 2 questions

what regulatory proteins can be found in the thin filaments of skeletal muscle fibers?

a. tropomyosin and troponin

b. myosin and titin

c. tropomyosin and myosin

d. troponin and titin

e. titin and tropomyosin

the contractile organelles of a skeletal muscle fiber are thread-like structures called

a. myoglobin

b. mitochondria

c. myofibrils

d. z discs

e. m lines

which of the following is a type of fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue found between the bones of the skull? 1. syndesmoses 2. gomphosis 3. suture

a. 2 only

b. 1 only

c. 3 only

d. both 1 and 2

e. none of these choices

cross bridges are formed during muscle contraction when __ on the thick filaments binds to __ on the thin filaments.

a. myosin; troponin

b. myosin; actin

c. myosin; troponin

d. actin; myosin

e. actin; tropomyosin

this is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle.

a. epimysium

b. tendon

c. endomysium

d. perimysium

e. ligament

which of the following is a common effect of aging on skeletal muscle?

a. a slowing of muscle reflexes

b. loss of muscle mass

c. loss of flexibility

d. decrease in maximal strength

e. all of these are correct

which of the following is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints?

a. lyme disease

b. osteoarthritis

c. arthoplasty

d. gouty arthritis

e. rheumatoid arthritis

which of the following types of joints do NOT have a synovial cavity? 1. fibrous joints 2. cartilaginous joints 3. synovial joints

a. 1 and 2

b. 3 only

c. 2 only

d. 1 only

in compact bone, the osteons

a. are arranged in an irregular pattern

b. are separated by medullary spaces

c. are lined up perpendicular to the long axis

d. are lacking in the diaphysis

e. are lined up in the same direction

which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe aerobic cellular respiration in skeletal muscles?

a. O2 is essential

b. lactic acid is continually produced

c. can be used to generate ATP from fats, proteins, or carbohydrates

d. pyruvic acid generated by glycolysis enters the mitochondria

e. CO2 is produced as a waste product

cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called

a. osteoblasts

b. osteoprogenitor cells

c. osteocytes

d. chondrocytes

e. osteoclasts

which of the following is NOT a major function of muscle tissue?

a. production of vitamins

b. promoting movement of body structures

c. generating heat through contractions

d. stabilizing the movement of joints

e. moving blood throughout the body

how would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

a. the bone would be more flexible

b. the bone would be less flexible

c. the bone would be less compressible

d. the bone would be more brittle

e. the bone would be stronger

a condition in which bone becomes riddles with holes is called

a. osteopenia

b. osteitis

c. osteoporosis

d. osteomalacia

e. osteomyelitis

which property of muscle gives it the ability to stretch without damage?

a. contractility

b. thermogenesis

c. extensibility

d. electrical excitability

e. elasticity

muscles with fibers that run at an angle to the long axis of the body are called

a. rectus

b. transversus

c. oblique

d. lateralis

e. medialis

vitamin D is necessary for

a. collagen formation

b. absorption calcium and phosphate ions

c. the organic matrix of bone

d. increasing osteoclast activity

e. reducing osteoblast activity

the condition known as osteopenia

a. only affects the femur

b. causes a gradual reduction in bone mass

c. affects mostly women

d. is caused by too much vitamin D in the diet

e. is rarely seen as people age

which of the following functions as a motor protein in all three types of muscle tissue?

a. tropomyosin

b. troponin

c. actin

d. titin

e. myosin

the hip joint is the joint found between

a. the pelvis and tibia

b. the pelvis and sacrum

c. the femur and tibia

d. the pelvis and femur

e. the femur and patella

to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction, acetylcholine must cross the ____ of the neuromuscular junction and bind to receptors on the motor endplate.

a. transverse tubule

b. node of Ranvier

c. sarcolemma

d. synaptic end bulb

e. synaptic cleft

an opening or hole in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass is called a

a. fissure

b. sulcus

c. meatus

d. foramen

e. fossa

bending the trunk forward at the intervertebral discs is an example of what type of angular movement?

a. none of these choices

b. extension

c. hyperextension

d. lateral flexion

e. flexion

during appositional growth

a. bones grow longer

b. bones grow wider

c. bone is replaced by cartilage

d. osteoblasts are overwhelmed by osteocytes

e. the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis

motion will occur in a muscle when the __ supplied exceeds the ____.

a. effort, load

b. lever, effort

c. resistance, lever

d. load, resistance

e. load, effort

a rib is an example of a ____ bone.

a. sutural

b. sesamoid

c. long

d. short

e. flat

which is greater?

a. osteoclast activity when calcitonin is absent

b. osteoclast activity when calcitonin is present

if osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts, bones will become

a. denser

b. osteopenic

c. thicker

d. stronger

e. calcified

after prolonged strenuous exercise has stopped, heavy breathing will often continue for several minutes in order to provide the oxygen needed to

a. replace oxygen displaced from muscle myoglobin

b. convert the lactic acid produced during exercise back into glycogen

c. resynthesize creatine phosphate

d. all of these choices

e. none of these choices

the names of the muscles can indicate all of the following, except

a. the action of the muscle

b. the angle of the muscle relative to the long axis of the body

c. structural characteristics of the muscle

d. the location of the muscle

e. collagen content of the muscle

which of the following bones is classified as “irregular” in shape?

a. patella

b. ulna

c. frontal

d. vertebra

e. metatarsal

the two primary curves of the adult vertebral column are the

a. lumbar and sacral curves

b. cervical and sacral curves

c. cervical and thoracic curves

d. cervical and lumbar curves

e. thoracic and sacral curves

release of calcium from these structures triggers skeletal muscle contraction.

a. mitochondria

b. terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum

c. T-tubules

d. myofibrils

e. none

after the fusion of myoblasts, the muscle fiber loses its ability to do what?

a. contract

b. grow

c. go through cell division

d. lengthen

e. all of the answer choices

in a neuromuscular junction, the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) binding to receptors on the motor end plate lasts only briefly due to

a. endocytosis of the ACh receptor into the myofiber

b. rapid destruction of ACh in the synaptic cleft by acetylcholinesterase

c. rapid destruction of ACh in the synaptic cleft by monoamine oxidase

d. rapid uptake of the ACh into the myofiber

e. diffusion of the ACh out of the synaptic cleft

the muscle that serves as the “prime mover” during a movement is called the

a. agonist

b. synergist

c. antagonist

d. fixator

e. asynergist

which type of motion results from relatively flat bone surfaces moving back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another?

a. flexion

b. gliding

c. circumduction

d. hyperextension

e. extension

the branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called

a. rheumatics

b. cardiology

c. podiatry

d. dermatology

e. orthopedics

which of the following is a function of the skeletal system

a. all of the choices

b. protection of internal organs

c. body support

d. calcium homeostasis

e. blood cell production

which of the following types of muscle tissue contract when excited by their own autorhythmic muscle fibers?

a. multi-unit smooth muscle

b. cardiac muscle

c. slow twitch oxidative skeletal muscle

d. fast twitch glycolytic skeletal muscle

e. all of these choices are correct

which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that action potentials must move through to excite skeletal muscle contraction?

a. T tubules, sarcolemma, myofilament

b. myofibrils, myofilaments, mitochondria

c. axon of neuron, sarcolemma, T tubules

d. muscle fiber, axon of neuron, myofibrils

e. sarcolemma, axon of neuron, T tubules

smooth muscle tone is maintained by the prolonged presence of ____, in the muscle cell’s cytosol?

a. phosphate ions

b. ATP

c. none of these choices

d. myoglobin

e. calcium ions

myofibrils contain

a. structural proteins

b. contractile proteins

c. regulatory proteins

d. none of these answers are correct

e. all of these answers are correct

most muscles cross at least one

a. tendon

b. body plane

c. bone

d. joint

e. ligament

which of the following is NOT a structural category of synovial joints?

a. planar

b. saddle

c. condyloid

d. hinge

e. suture

which of the following regions of the sarcomere contain thick filaments?

a. both A band and H zone

b. zone of overlap

c. A band

d. H zone

e. all of these are correct

increasing the number of active motor units within a skeletal muscle is called

a. motor unit recruitment

b. muscle tone

c. fused tetanus

d. wave summation

e. flaccidity

which of the following is (are) made from dense regular connective tissue?

a. synovial fluid

b. articular cartilage

c. articular fat pads

d. synovial membrane

e. ligaments

which of the following proteins is used to reinforce the sarcolemma and to help transmit the tension generated by the sarcomeres to the tendons?

a. actin

b. troponin

c. dystrophin

d. myosin

e. tropomyosin

which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. the axial skeleton has 80 bones

b. the appendicular skeleton has 126 bones

c. the appendicular skeleton does not include the pelvic and pectoral girdles

d. the axial skeleton is composed of the bones that run through the axis of the body

e. children have more bones than adults

which of the following statements is true with regard to the human hand?

a. there are 8 carpals, 6 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges

b. there are 5 carpals, 8 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges

c. there are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 15 phalanges

d. there are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges

which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of synovial joints?

a. are freely moveable

b. have ligaments holding the joint together

c. contain a joint cavity

d. articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage

e. include elastic cartilage

during a checkup, a bone scan reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis. her physician suggests hormone therapy. what hormone might she prescribe?

a. growth hormone

b. parathyroid hormone

c. calcitonin

d. thyroid hormone

e. estrogen

____ are squamous cells that develop into osteoblasts.

a. osteoclasts

b. osteoprogenitor cells

c. osteocytes

d. squamous osteons

e. osteomedullary cells

which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the type of movement and range of motion possible at a synovial joint?

a. hormones

b. use of the joint

c. strength and tension of the joint ligaments

d. arrangement and tension of the muscles

e. structure of the articulating bones

the different types of muscle tissue differ from each other by

a. location

b. both microscopic anatomy and location

c. type of control

d. microscopic anatomy

e. all these choices are correct

which of the following is NOT a way that the skeletal system contributes to homeostasis?

a. stores and releases sodium ions

b. houses blood forming tissue

c. serves as attachment and leverage points for muscles

d. protects the brain and spinal cord

e. provides support and protection for internal organs

which of the following labels best matches osteocyte?

a. stem cell

b. mature bone cell

c. secretes organic matrix

d. dissolves matrix

bones in the following area protect the brain.

a. cranium

b. sacrum

c. ribcage

d. face

in skeletal muscles, the combined amounts of creatine phosphate and ATP provide enough energy for the muscle to contract maximally for approximately

a. 15 sec

b. 5 sec

c. 1 min

d. 15 min

e. 1.5 min

in a neuromuscular junction, the effect of acetyl choline (ACh) binding to receptors on the motor end plate lasts only briefly due to

a. rapid uptake of the ACh into the myofiber

b. rapid destruction of ACh in the synapticcleft by acetylcholinesterase

c. endocytosis of the ACh receptor into the myofiber

d. diffusion of the ACh out the synaptic cleft

e. rapid destruction of ACh in the synapticcleft by monoamine oxidase

what is inflammation of one or more costal cartilage called?

a. costochondritis

b. arthritis

c. intercostal space distension

d. otitis

e. cartilaginous distension

the region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the…

a. metaphysis

b. osseophysis

c. diaphysis

d. medullary cavity

e. epiphysis

during embryonic and fetal development, most skeletal tissues arise from

a. mesenchymal cells

b. all of these choices correct

c. the neurocranium

d. endoderm

e. the notochord

which of the following microscopic structures is only found in the cardiac muscle tissue?

a. intercalated discs

b. myosin

c. tropomyosin

d. sarcomeres

e. striations

which of the following bones is not part of the axial skeleton?

a. hyoid

b. vertebrae

c. sternum

d. carpals

e. ribs

what energizes the myosin head?

a. calcium ions

b. potassium ions

c. the actin filaments

d. ADP synthesis

e. ATP hydrolysis reaction

excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in

a. giantism

b. osteopenia

c. rickets

d. dwarfism

what is the function of the pelvic girdle?

a. attachment site for lower limbs and for large pectoral muscles

b. all choices correct

c. attachment site for large pectoral muscles

d. attachment site for lower limbs

e. support for vertebral column

which of the following disorders is characterized by the wasting away of muscles due to the progressive loss of myofibrils?

a. muscular hypertrophy

b. fibromyalgia

c. muscular atrophy

d. tremors

e. myasthenia gravis

___ fibers are stronger than steel when streched.

the process of depositing calcium into a tissue is called ___.

____ free calcium from bone to maintain blood calcium levels.