Chapter 3 AP World Vocab

1st century C.E., a trading system that connected from China and Europe → famous for silk, duh. One of ze many routes that led to the diffusion of various cultures and them technological innovations

Also 1st century C.E., system of trading routes, except on the water and connected the coasts throughout the Indian Ocean. The desire for foreign goods caused its creations bc ship travel was easier for trading in bulk. Several ship/navigation technologies were developed bc of the Sea Roads → thrived on the monsoons and predictable currents.

A kingdom in Malay, they dominated the competition made up of foreign traders on their coasts, which pulled up during the rise of commerce. 670-1025, their gold supply, access to spices, and taxes on ships greatly supported their military and naval security. The capital Palembang was very diverse and held power over religious and political ideas/concepts.

An architectual expression of Hinduism, a temple complex, twas built in the 12th century. Largest structure of the Pre Modern world, Hindu understanding of the cosmos → centered on the mythical home of the gods: Mt. Meru.

East Africa in 800, a combination of African natives and Arabs, majority being muslim. Began and thrived because of the Indian Ocean Trade. African merchants became their own class, villages turned into cities, chiefs into kings. A City-State civilization, they were commercial centers.

Their peak was a century (1250-1350), they were a powerful state and had strong connections in the growing trade of gold. Made massive stone enclosures without the use of mortar. A great example of the transforming power and reach of the Indian Ocean Trade.

A muslim eunuch (bro has no dick) that captured one of the naval fleets sent out by China in the 1400s expedition. He sought to enroll distant peoples and states into the Chinese Tribute System. Mans helped establish power for China and prestige in the Indian ocean, bro also exerted control over foreign trade in the region.

Connected North Africa with the Mediterranean through inner West Africa → through the Sahara and had a large impact on the regions. The Sand Roads thrived on environmental variation. Many manufactured goods came from northern coasts, the Sahara was plentiful in deposits of salt, copper, and dates. Arabian camels assisted heavily in this trading route.

Introduced to North Africa during the Sand Roads (early centuries of the Common Era) because they were able to transport heavy loads in bulk over long distances → 10 days without water.

600-1600 C.E., Stretched from the Atlantic Coast to Lake Chad. Contained states of Ghana, Mali, Songhay, and Kanem → other towns and cities. It also came to rise with the great amounts of commerce happening like the sand roads and Indian ocean trade.

One of the states in the West African Civilization, it thrived for like 500 ish years from 700-1200 C.E. Their king was described as “The wealthiest king on the face of the earth because of his treasures and stocks of gold.” by an Arab traveler in the 10th century.

Another one of the states in West African Civilization, thrived during the 14th century through use of monopolization. Their importation of goods like horses and metals assisted in their economy, they were the people that consumed their own products (gold nuggets).

1100-1400, 5,500 slaves were annually trekked across the desert where they had to labor away in them wealthy homes of Islamic North Africa. The slaves were also behind most of the major agricultural achievements, behind the scenes of the regions growth in commerce.

Twas a major trading city during the 16th century, they had all the fancy and upperclass peoples, however they “rubbed elbows” in places like Timbuktu because they were commercial centers.

The house of wisdom was established in 830 by the Abbasid caliph “al-Mamun” as an academic center for research on foreign learning. Stimulated and supported by Greek tets → a school of Mutazilites.

between 1000-1500 C.E. 4 distinct nodes of commercial activity/connections emerged in the americas; cahokia, chaco canyon, Mesoamerica, and the Inca Empire. Shells, copper, buffalo hides, obsidian and mich were goods traded using rivers.

860-1130 C.E., 5 major pueblos encompassed 25k square miles and connected 150 settlements to the centers. The largest of them was Pueblo bonito as it had 5 stories and 600+ rooms, Kivas, and ceremonial pits. There are mysterious roads that extend for hundreds of miles outward from chaco.

Pochteca were merchants in the Aztecs during the 15th century that took on large scale trading expeditions both in and outside the empire. Legally they were commoners but their wealth was greater than those of nobility, which allowed them to rise in society.