unit 8 ap psych flashcards

A syndrome characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior.

A disorder marked by extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically appearing by age 7.

The concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and often cured.

The American Psychiatric Association's system for classifying psychological disorders.

Disorders characterized by distressing anxiety or maladaptive behaviors reducing anxiety.

An anxiety disorder involving continual tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.

An anxiety disorder with unpredictable episodes of intense dread and physical symptoms like chest pain or choking.

An anxiety disorder marked by irrational fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations.

Intense fear of social situations leading to avoidance (formerly social phobia).

Fear or avoidance of situations where loss of control and panic may occur.

A disorder with unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions.

A disorder with haunting memories, nightmares, and anxiety following a traumatic experience.

Positive psychological changes after struggling with challenging circumstances.

Disorders characterized by emotional extremes.

A mood disorder with depressive symptoms lasting at least two weeks.

A mood disorder marked by hyperactivity and optimism.

A mood disorder alternating between depression and mania.

Compulsive overthinking about problems and their causes.

A disorder with delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech.

A disorder where a person loses touch with reality.

False beliefs often accompanying psychotic disorders.

False sensory experiences without external stimuli.

A disorder with physical symptoms lacking a physical cause.

Experience of genuine physical symptoms without physiological basis.

Interpreting normal sensations as symptoms of a disease.

Disorders where awareness becomes separated from memories, thoughts, and feelings.

A disorder with two or more distinct personalities.

Eating disorder with significant underweight despite a starvation diet.

Eating disorder with binge eating followed by purging.

Binge eating without purging.

Disorders with enduring behavior patterns impairing social functioning.

Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, aggression, or manipulation.

Treatment involving psychological techniques for overcoming difficulties or achieving growth.

Treatment with medications or procedures acting on physiology.

Therapy using techniques from various forms depending on the client's issues.

Freud's therapeutic technique exploring repressed feelings for self-insight.

Blocking of anxiety-laden material in psychoanalysis.

Analyst's noting of dream meanings and behaviors for insight in psychoanalysis.

Patient's transfer of emotions to the analyst in psychoanalysis.

Therapy focusing on unconscious forces and childhood experiences for self-insight.

Therapies aiming to improve psychological functioning by increasing awareness of motives and defenses.

Therapy using active listening in a genuine, accepting environment for client growth.

Therapy applying learning principles to eliminate unwanted behaviors.

Behavior therapy using classical conditioning to evoke new responses to unwanted behaviors.

Techniques exposing individuals to feared stimuli to treat anxieties.

Exposure therapy associating relaxation with anxiety triggers to treat phobias.

An anxiety treatment exposing individuals to fears through electronic simulations.

Associating unpleasant states with unwanted behaviors to countercondition.

Operant conditioning procedure rewarding desired behaviors with tokens.

Teaching adaptive thinking to change emotional reactions.

Challenging illogical attitudes and assumptions for cognitive change.

Integrative therapy combining cognitive and behavior therapies.

Therapy conducted with groups for therapeutic benefits.

Treating families as a system to address unwanted behaviors.

tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

•  a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

• the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

• drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

•  drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (several widely used antidepressants drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors - SSRIs)

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

•  the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

• a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollable emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotional-controlling centers of the inner brain