AP Lang+ Comp Terms

a work that ridicules the style of another work by imitating and exaggerating its elements or by being overly serious about an original piece of work or an author; used for comic effect or ridicule.

implied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the readers mind.

intended to give information about (or explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea.

the use of words that sound like what they mean, such as hiss and boom.

(eh piss truh fee) figure of repetition that occurs when the last word or set of words in one sentence, clause, or phrase is repeated on roe more times at the end of successive sentences, clauses, or phrases (often used in speeches)

turning a verb or adjective into a noun.

recounts an event or a series of related events.

uses sensory details to portray a person, place, or thing.

(mi ton uh mee) a figure of speech that uses the name of an object, person, or idea to represent something with which it is associated, such as using "the crown "to refer to a monarch.

parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.

(Ad Populum, literally means "argument to the people) "appeals tries to get everyone on board.

a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole, such as using "boards "to mean a stage of "wheels "to mean a car.

the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another; for example,"beautiful blossoms blooming between the bushes ..

a comparison of two similar but different things, usually to clarify an action or a relationship, such as comparing the work of a heart to that of a pump.

________: an element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot.

________: a reference to a person, place, or stories in the Bible that is assumed to be well- known enough to be recognized by the reader.

________: (uh naf er uh) specific type of repetition; word, phrase, or clause repeated at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row (often found in speeches)

________: (uh sin di ton) leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.

________: deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis.

________: a reference to another work or famous figure that is assumed to be well- known enough to be recognized by the reader.

________: use of a person, place, thing, event, or pattern that figuratively represents or "stands for "something else.

________: A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotles three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos)

________: an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.

________: explanatory or critical notes added to a text.

________: a short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous effect or to make a point.

________: a belief or statement taken for granted without proof.

________: main theme or subject of a work that is elaborated on in the development of the piece; a repeated pattern or idea.

________: the technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form In prose, recurrent grammatical similarity where several parts of a sentence or several sentences are expressed alike to show that their ideas are equal in importance.

________: while this term generally means the written word, in humanities it has come to mean any cultural product that can be "read.

________ (attacking the character of the opponent, personal attack; also called "Poisoning the Well "or "Genetic Fallacy) "arguments limit themselves not to the issues, but to the opposition itself.

________: identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.

________: assigning human qualities to a nonhuman or an inanimate object.

________: bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.

________: a challenge to a position; an opposing argument.

________: a figure of speech that uses like, as, or as if to make a direct comparison between two essentially different objects, actions, or qualities (The sky looked like an artists canvas .)

________: the excessive pride or ambition that leads a tragic hero to disregard warnings of impending doom, eventually causing his or her downfall.

________: the emotional feeling inspired by a work created by diction, dialogue, setting, and description; also called mood.

________: an argument technique wherein opposing arguments are anticipated and countered; to discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.

________: a statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning, as in this quotation from Henry David Thoreau;"I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude ..

________: words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.

________: a short, often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life.

________: similar to tone, ________ is the primary emotional attitude of a work.

________ inevitably causes discomfort because it is so harsh in its portrayal and evaluation of humankind; its criticism is generally intolerant and unsympathetic.

________: placement of two things side by side for emphasis.

________: an authors characteristic manner of expression (arrangement of words, selection, figures of speech, shapes ideas, and utilized syntax and structure)

________ to Emotion (Ad Misericordiam literally means "argument from pity) "While pathos generally works to reinforce a readers sense of duty or outrage at some abuse, if a writer tries to use emotion merely for the sake of getting the reader to accept what should be a logical conclusion, the argument is a fallacy.

________: the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast (ask not what your country can do for you- ask what you can do for your country .)

________: the speakers emotion or attitude toward the subject, characters, or audience.

________: a personal presentation of events and characters, influenced by the authors feelings and opinions.

________: a form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, minor)

the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another; for example, "beautiful blossoms blooming between the bushes."

a reference to another work or famous figure that is assumed to be well-known enough to be recognized by the reader

a comparison of two similar but different things, usually to clarify an action or a relationship, such as comparing the work of a heart to that of a pump

(uh naf er uh) specific type of repetition; word, phrase, or clause repeated at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row (often found in speeches)

a short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous effect or to make a point

explanatory or critical notes added to a text

parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas

a short, often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life

rhetorical persuasive argument in which the speaker or a representative of the speaker claims to be an authority or expert in the field

rhetorical persuasive argument in which the speaker attempts to play upon the emotions of the audience

rhetorical persuasive argument in which the speaker appeals to the audiences reason by providing facts or other evidence

To write by argumentation means to persuade an audience about an issue that is debatable or at least not universally accepted as true

an emphatic statement; declaration

a belief or statement taken for granted without proof

(uh sin di ton) leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses

the emotional feeling inspired by a work created by diction, dialogue, setting, and description; also called mood

the speakers position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone

the ascribing (referring) of a work to a particular author or artist

ones listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed

prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue

a reference to a person, place, or stories in the Bible that is assumed to be well-known enough to be recognized by the reader

descriptive writing that seizes upon certain individual qualities of a person or a stereotype and through exaggeration or distortion produces a ridiculous effect

the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character revealed through direct characterization or indirect characterization

identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source

an assertion usually supported by evidence

A claim of fact asserts that something is true or not true

A claim of policy proposes a change

A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong

a careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of text

A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to discuss

a word or phrase used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing

shared beliefs, values or positions

(grammar) a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause

a reluctant acknowledgment or yielding

implied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the readers mind

words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning

a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun; it may also be a paradox or difficult problem

a challenge to a position; an opposing argument

worthy of belief; trustworthy

an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail

the attitude of scornful or jaded negativity, especially a general distrust of the integrity or professed motives of others

a sentence that makes a statement

the method of argument in which specific statements and conclusions are drawn from established, general principles

the literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition

the language and speech idiosyncrasies of a specific area, region, or group

the specific word choice an author uses to persuade or convey tone, purpose, or effect

spoken or written language, including literary works; the four traditionally classified modes of discourse are description, exposition, narration, and persuasion

bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing

a mark or marks as

(eh piss truh fee) figure of repetition that occurs when the last word or set of words in one sentence, clause, or phrase is repeated on roe more times at the end of successive sentences, clauses, or phrases (often used in speeches)