Ecology

interaction between organism and environment, how organisms affect each other and the world

combination of abiotic(nonliving) and biotic(living) factors, usually some kind of unit(lake, woods, swamp, etc)

what a species eats, where a species lives, physical and invisible spaces a species inhabits in an ecosystem

the ability to do work, measured in calories(typically)

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

a level in an ecosystem(think producer, consumer, etc)

mass of biotic factors in an environment, typically we look at individual trophic levels, the pyramid can be used by ecologists to determine if an ecosystem is able to support itself

plants (plants would be unable to grow), habitats (bodies of water are important permanent habitats for many species  AND a breeding ground for things born in water), life (water provides essential nutrients and minerals for physical life to exist)

turning liquid into gas

evaporation from plants leaves

turning gas back into a liquid

rain, snow, sleet, hail

water filtering through the soil

water located in the ground in aquifers

water that collects on top and runs into streams, oceans, rivers, etc

rocks that hold water

energy (carbon provides us with energy that fuels the global economy), temperature (carbon provides us with energy that fuels the global economy), food (carbon provides us with energy that fuels the global economy)

this process produces CO2. During this process, glucose is used to make ATP which is a usable form of energy (C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + 6HO2 + 32ATP)

things like coal, oil and gas→ they are made of

the process by which organic substances are broken down into simpler forms of matter

the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in earth's atmosphere

nitrogen makes up 2 VERY important macromolecules, proteins and nucleic acids

the amount of nitrogen we have in the global ecosystem limits how much we can grow, unusable (Atmospheric nitrogen(N2) us unusable because it’s triple bond is too strong, it also happens to be 80% of the nitrogen available)

creates usable nitrogen for plants(producers) and then consumers eat the plants

nitrogen gas that makes up the majority of earth's atmosphere

all of earth and the atmosphere

a large area with the same climate patterns

all of the abiotic and biotic factors in a location

a group of different species living together

a group of the same species living in the same place at the same time

a single organism

autotrophs: convert sunlight into chemical energy

eat (consume) producers, whenever they don’t use they store or lose as heat

eat another consumer: carnivore or omnivore, predator or scavenger

eat a secondary consumer(something that has already eaten a consumer) → carnivore or omnivore, predator or scavenger

consumer that eats dead and rotting things→ returns nutrients to the ground for the producers to use

\typically converted into heat and dissipated into the environment, this is known as energy waste

each level up only gets 10% of the energy from the level below it

organisms compete with each other for resources(food, water, habitats)

resources that are in short supply and restrict the growth or survival of a population

a predator hunts down its prey, carnivorous interaction where live organisms are eaten

close and long term relationship between 2 different species

total number of organisms, relative abundance

it provides a variety of benefits to humans and the environment, it helps maintain ecosystem stability, supports food security, provides medicinal resources, contributes to cultural and recreational values, and it plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate

habitat destruction, natural causes, pollution, climate change, human activity, invasive species

birth rate, death rate, migration

the interaction between two species and it’s beneficial to both species

one organism benefits while one is being hurt by the interaction

one organism benefits from the interaction and one if unaffected